Vera John Casino An Online Casino Essay - 971 Words

Vera John Casino Vera John Casino is an online casino that is largely noted for its traditional sounding name, but in reality it is so much more than just that. Featuring a game selection that ranks in the hundreds, a bright and bold UI, and some notable bonus incentives. You may have ignored Vera John Casino upon its initial launch in 2011, but in 2015 this is an online casino that is well worth a second look. SIGN UP NOW AND RECEIVE WELCOME BONUS Up to  £100 in bonus founds (plus 123 free spins) †¢ Upon registration: 30 free spins †¢ First deposit: 40 free spins + 100% matched deposit (up to  £100) †¢ Second deposit: 53 free spins Has Vera John Casino done enough to claim the spotlight? In many ways Vera John Casino is an online casino that has been easy to look beyond in the past. It has been around a few years, yet it hasn’t really done much to command a large audience. However, what many won’t know is that over the years Vera John Casino has been working hard to make its platform one of the best around. It seems that it is now offering a much more matured product that it was back in 2011, but is that enough to entice new players? I’ve spent the pass few days putting Vera John Casino through its paces and here is what I found out. Game Selection When it comes to games Vera John Casino has every right to be boastful, this is because it has the majority of other online casinos beat when it comes to choice. Slots are the biggest draw of Vera JohnShow MoreRelatedThe True Ins And Outs Of Online Casino Bonuses1720 Words   |  7 Pages Blog 16 – The true ins and outs guide to online casino bonuses There isn’t any other tool that aids online casino users more than the casino bonus. You would have to have been walking around with your eyes closed in order to not see how prevalent they are within the industry in 2015. Through online casino portals player around the world are getting their hands on some serious playing incentives. It seems like cash is being handed out here, there, and everywhere by the leading industry names. WhileRead MoreArticle 8 : Whats Up With Vera John?1840 Words   |  8 PagesArticle 8 – What’s up with Vera John? Vera John have been around a few years now and have managed to solidify a small yet notable position within the market. Given the casino’s stature they are set on trying to move up the ranks in terms of popularity, but do they have the wherewithal to do so? The following is an in-depth review of what Vera John is bringing to the table. Simplicity, style and substance These days when it comes to the design of an online casino there is no room for indecisionRead MoreArticle Analysis : Bitcoin Online Gambling1538 Words   |  7 PagesBitcoin online casinos come under attack As far as innovations go, few have been as big or a technologically relevant as bitcoin. 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Hamlet Becomes Modern Through Technology Essay - 973 Words

Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one play that has intrigued people for over four hundred years. There have been as many productions as there have been days since the original play 1596-1603. Each production has been different from the next one, no matter where performed or by whom. One film reproduction of Hamlet released in the year 2000, was directed by and stared Etahan Hawke as Hamlet and Julia Styles as Ophelia. This essay will refer to this film as Hamlet 2000 and the original play as Hamlet or text. To compare the text to the film Hamlet 2000 will be divided into three groups, language, setting / plot line and lastly the characters. All though the speech is taken only from the text, the film Hamlet 2000 is vastly different,†¦show more content†¦In an interview Ethan Hawke (Hamlet in Hamlet 2000) stated â€Å"memorizing Shakespeares dialogue for the first time, using the natural Iambic Pentameter. It works in a rhythm, and the rhythm perpetuates itself. Its easier than learning a volume of contemporary prose. Also, his ideas are very logical† making it sound as if memorizing his lines had been easy. Shakespeare is known for his rhythmic writing style. When Hamlet speaks it flows and sounds natural. Hawke also said â€Å" the subtext of the characters is all right there in the writing. Everything theyre thinking and feeling is presented to you† and you can see that in his acting. Hamlets offbeat manner and eccentrically passive style is what makes believable. The rest of the cast, however, seems to lack the ability to be as convincing. The biggest change in Hamlet 2000 changes the setting for a modern day city and by doing so the director is able to bring additional help from technology the audience can understand the charechters without the use of words. The use of a video camera that Hamlet is constantly caring and using, helps the audience to understand what Hamlet feels by showing us clips of video. The footage shown in the film appears as if they were his memories. It is through the video images that you see Hamlet’s mother and fathers relationship. This allow the viewerShow MoreRelated The Existentialist Views of Hamlet Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesThe Existentialist Views of Hamlet  Ã‚        Ã‚   Do we matter? Will anything we do endure? These are questions from existentialism. The dictionary defines existentialism as the plight of the individual who must assume ultimate responsibility for his acts of free will without any certain knowledge of what is right or wrong or good or bad (Merriam Webster). In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, Hamlet struggles with the concept that nothing from our lives last and time grinds everything awayRead MoreMental Illness in Shakespeares Works1371 Words   |  6 Pagesbest, as were the methods of treating it. During the Middle Ages and Elizabethan Era, numerous theories about mental disorders and how to treat them abounded. Three plays of Shakespeare’s that feature mental illness most prominently are King Lear, Hamlet, and Macbeth, while also managing to showcase the conception of mental illness at the time. Of the three plays, King Lear is the one that examines mental illness the most. King Lear is the story of the titular king, Lear, his decision to exclude hisRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1753 Words   |  8 PagesMultiple characters in Hamlet that are at least somewhat relevant end up tragically dying in the play. Each of the character’s death is caused by the same evil that had spread to each character at some point in the play. Claudius starts this spread of evil by murdering Hamlet the First with poison that Claudius put in Hamlet the First’s ear. This evil spreads first to Hamlet the prince, who plots his revenge on Claudius. The same evil further spreads to every other relevant character at some pointRead More The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot Essay example1535 Words   |  7 Pagescommunities, societies, and entire civilizations. Eliot’s modernism, which was strongly influenced by his conversion to Anglo-Catholicism, is a harsh c ritique of the pervasive self-obsession of the modern secular world. In any discussion of modernist poetry, it is crucial to remember that technology was advancing at a rapid pace during the beginning of the twentieth century. Mechanical inventions, from electric lights and motorcars to indoor plumbing, had brought the standard of living in WesternRead MoreHSC English Advanced Course Module B: Critical Study of Texts1532 Words   |  6 PagesUnit: HSC English Advanced course Unit of Work Module B: Critical Study of Texts Year: 12 / Stage: 6 Prescribed Text: Shakespearean Drama SHAKESPEARE, William, Hamlet, New Cambridge Shakespeare, Cambridge University Press, 2003; or Cambridge School Shakespeare, 2006) Duration: 8 weeks Syllabus Outcome: H1: A student explains and evaluates the effects of different contexts of responders and composers on texts. H2A: A student recognises different ways in which particular texts are valued. Read MoreEssay on T.S. Eliot Poetry Analysis1597 Words   |  7 PagesSong of J. Alfred Prufrock† and Till Human Voices Wake Us T.S. Eliots â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† embodies many of the different feelings of Americans during the Modernist movement. Prufrock was seen as the prototype of the modern man, it is through his character in this poem that T.S. Eliot shows how man felt insecure, how the new theories of psychology were changing the concept of the mind and how society was becoming more doubtful and indecisive and less of an action taking peopleRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Chance Essay1977 Words   |  8 PagesShakespearean wordplay. Often, readers will give up before having truly given the beauty of Shakespeare’s writings a chance. Fortunately, the miracles of modern technology—list the ones you will discuss between these dashes-- lend to students of Shakespeare the ability not only to grasp, interpret, and understand the written words, but this technology also gives new life in the mind’s eye, enabling students to more fully experience Shakespeare and the worlds he created without the trouble and expenseRead MoreAmusing Ourselves For Death : Public Discourse On The Age Of Show Business, By Neil Postman1495 Words   |  6 PagesLas Vegas, â€Å"a thirty-foot-high cardboard picture of a slot machine and a chorus girl†(3), to compare it with the present day nation because both subjects â€Å"increasingly take the form of entertainment†(3). He further uses situations relatable to the modern world to illustrate how it is exclusively dedicated to captivating entertainment and lively satisfaction. Everything about people and everything people do is involved into some form of entertainment. Postman believes Las Vegas is currently the focalRead MoreEssay on Hamlet -- Spirituality1865 Words   |  8 PagesHamlet -- Spirituality  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Does the Shakespearean drama Hamlet represent a strictly secular writing, or does it veer into the spiritual dimension from time to time? This essay will delve into the spiritual side of the play.    In   â€Å"Judgment in Hamlet† Gunnar Boklund discusses the spiritual dimension of the ghost of King Hamlet:      It is a commonplace to refer to Hamlet’s â€Å"dilemma† and a critical problem to explain in what this dilemma consists. A natural way to come to termsRead MoreEssay on Hamlet – the Irony1973 Words   |  8 PagesHamlet – the Irony  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The existence of considerable irony within the Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet is a fact recognized by most literary critics. This paper will examine the play for instances of irony and their interpretation by critics.    In his essay â€Å"O’erdoing Termagant† Howard Felperin comments on Hamlet’s â€Å"ironic consciousness† of the fact that he is unable to quickly execute the command of the ghost:    Our own intuition of the creative or re-creative act that issued

Essay about The Ancient Greeks Belief in the Underworld

A dark, silent, formless void, a perpetual abyss without orientation, this is essentially what the Greeks believed was the origin of the world. The ancient Greeks while trying to further explain the world, invented beguiling myths (Evie). From these myths a world of human like gods and goddesses was formed (Evie). Through narratives, legends, and myths this world justified various abstract ideas, thus creating Greek mythology (Evie). A central element in Greek mythology is the underworld. The underworld is considered to be the place where one’s soul goes to after death. The underworld has played a vital role in Greek culture by serving as an incentive to live a virtuous life, which in turn has affected all aspects of Greek life. The†¦show more content†¦The souls that dwelled here had no memories of their former lives and had no emotions (Joe). Tartarus consisted of the pit of Tartarus, which was a dungeon for those who lived a wicked life and were being punished for their deeds (Joe). The Islands of the Blessed or Elysian Islands, located in Erebus, were where the great heroes of myth resided after death (Wikipedia). Also situated in Erebus, the Elysian Fields were where the virtuous dead were sent to dwell (Wikipedia). These souls where favored by the gods and were blessed. The souls that resided here were permitted to retain their memories of past lives (Joe). They could also experience the pleasures they did while they were alive. The environment was joyous and peaceful, and the souls could reside in eternal bliss (Joe). It is evident that after death there were two diverging paths that one was forced upon. One could lead a pleasant afterlife with life’s regular amenities or on could be confined to live miserably and repent for their sins. The only thing that determined this was your life on earth. Thus, this is why the Greeks believed that pleasing the gods would not only allow them to live a good life on earth, but would also ensure them a secure and peaceful afterlife. In Greek religion the gods and goddesses controlled all aspects of life. This gave the Greeks motivation to live a righteous life, so they could live a joyful life. As part of living a righteous Greek life the GreeksShow MoreRelatedGreek Mythology : Ancient Greece1322 Words   |  6 Pages Greek Mythology is a mystical and unique universe filled with divine beings, semi-gods, oracles, monsters, creatures, heroes, women and powerful gods with the ability to control nature, all intertwined in epic battles controlled by various times on a gigantic stage composed of temples, shines, prophecies, rituals and even a word for the dead which was called the underworld. Greek mythology itself is legend. In fact, it shows a window into the ancient past, a view of a world that existed not onlyRead MoreSimilarities Between Ancient Egypt And Ancient Greece1103 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Egypt (3000 BCE – 30 BCE) and Ancient Greece (1200 BCE – 146 BCE) based their entire lives around their religious beliefs. These beliefs led to their religious practices which were included in every aspect of their lives. Since ancient Greece’s and ancient Egypt’s beliefs differ greatly, endless differences can be shown between their religious practices. However, between the two cultures, many surprising similarities can be seen in these religious practices despite the tremendous differencesRead MoreGreeks compared to the Mayans1216 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Greeks compared to the Maya Looking around too all the different ethnicities that can be found in this world, two of those most interesting cultures would have to be the Greeks and the Maya. The ancient Greek and Mayan civilizations have many similar characteristics but they also have many differences. The Mayan’s are an indigenous Mesoamerican culture found in present day South America. As where the Greeks are an ethnicity group native to Greece. The history of theRead MoreAncient Greek God Museum Exhibit Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Greek God Museum Exhibit The museum curator is an important title; they pick and choose 5% of the total art being viewed by the public. The curator must be wise, include art pieces that flow with the theme of the exhibit, as well as educates the visitor. Curating this exhibit, I have chosen three works of ancient Greek art that will inform visitors about three of the most well-known Greek gods. A slab from the Parthenon frieze of Zeus and Hera, a Kylix of Hades and Persephone, and the TriumphRead MoreEssay Greek Gods - The Historical Background554 Words   |  3 PagesGreek Gods - The Historical Background Greek gods were an essential part of Greek mythology. Our proper knowledge of the ancient Greek gods can be traced back to Homer who wrote The Iliad and The Odysse. It is also believed that the myths were heavily influenced by the Mycenaean culture that existed in Greece from 1700 to 1100 BC. However there is some evidence that the beginnings of Greek mythology and beliefs can be traced back to the ancient Middle Eastern cultures. There are manyRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Museum Curator1294 Words   |  6 Pagesflow as well as get the point across to the visitors coming to see the museum. Curating this exhibit, I have chosen three works of ancient Greek art that will tell a story and inform visitors about three of the most well-known Greek gods. A statue of Zeus from the first A.D, a Kylix of Hades and Persephone, and the Chariot of Poseidon. This collection of ancient Greek artwork shows the sons of the titan Chrono’s, and it depicts them in their natural habitat. Hades is the oldest of the titan CronusRead MoreOdysseus To The Greek Underworld Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pagesreviewing the visit paid by Odysseus to the Greek underworld and describes how this visit is significant in understanding the ancient rituals and the conversations that took place between Odysseus and the ghosts. In addition, the essay put light on the idea of immortality. 2. Significance of the Rituals and Odysseus’ Conversations with the Inhabitants of Underworld In book eleven of Homer s Odyssey, the Nekyia, the writer gives a look into the Greek underworld, as it was seen from Homeric circumstancesRead MoreGreek Mythology : A Belief Of Ancient Civilizations Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesGreek Mythology Have you ever wondered why the seasons change? Why there’s thunder? Where the stars come from? The Greeks created their own beliefs to answer their questions. Greek mythology is a belief of ancient civilizations. Greek mythology gives information on the Olympians, Heracles, origin of Greek mythology, and more. They made up stories called myths to explain why things were the way they are. They called these collections of Greek stories, Greek mythology. Greek mythology was the religionRead MoreGreek Religion : Ancient Greeks1704 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Greeks worshipped lots of different gods. They believed many gods appeared in human form and were provided with superhuman strength. The Greeks usually worshipped in sanctuaries located within the city or the country. A sanctuary was a well-defined sacred space set apart usually by an enclosure wall. They also worshipped in temples. Temples benefited from their natural surroundings, helping the expression of character divinities. The Greeks also had a Christian Orthodox church they used.Read MoreAncient Greek And Roman Worlds1502 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Margaret Wintersole ENGL 1302 4 November 2015 Greco-Roman Aesthetics The ancient Greek and Roman worlds made important contributions to both religion and philosophy, the study of the nature of truth, knowledge, and moral values. In fact, the word philosophy is Greek origin, containing the world s philia or to love with Sophia or wisdom. Two of the most powerful empires in the ancient world were Greece and Rome. In order to understand these two different yet similar worlds

My Personal Learning Experience For A Student And Writer

There are multiple learning outcomes but the one that was the most significant in my personal learning experience for this course would be the â€Å"Writing Process.† In our class syllabus, the Writing Process is defined as a â€Å"recursive process that includes brainstorming, planning, drafting, revising, editing, proofreading, and reflecting.† I think as a student and writer, we all have our own interpretation of the process and we make it our own. For me, the writing process differs from unit to unit because each unit requires a different way of approaching the subject. The argument essay, assigned during the semester, took more time to write than the other units assigned to us. It was more engaging to me because it was a challenge and the subject was something I had never written about before. My research argument essay, â€Å"A Growing Trend in Cyberbullying and How It Could End,† was the most significant in my progress towards my learning outcome beca use this paper was one of the first instances that I went through the writing process, thoroughly. It took more dedication to complete the writing units and requirements of this class, but I can say that I am leaving with great knowledge to help me progress through my next few years at the university and beyond. I am picky when it comes to writing and I have worked on that during this course. I know that I will have to write all different types of essays throughout my college years. The other units were where I struggled the mostShow MoreRelatedEnglish As A Second Language Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesLearning Academic English as a Second Language When I started searching about topics that are related to Academic English I came up with the features of Academic English but this was a general topic so I looked for other topics. I searched on google about other topics, such as the importance of Academic English. I noticed a website that is about the importance of Academic English for non-native speakers. That really interested me because it is a personal topic since English is my second languageRead MoreThe Professional Journal : Theory Into Practice1663 Words   |  7 Pagescomprehension and a new way to teach comprehension to diverse students to help them truly learn and grasp comprehension when reading. As I hope to become a leader, it is beneficial to learn about different curriculum developments and research the effects of the changes in different curriculums. I chose this article, because since I am a first grade teacher and I teach comprehension, I thought this may be helpful to me as an educator, as I could compare my cu rriculum of teaching comprehension to this article’sRead MoreThe English 101 Course1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe English 101 course has been instrumental in the improvement of various aspects of my writing. The course has been of significant aid in the comprehension of the English language. The learning of the different methods of writing has provided one with an opportunity to better understand the dynamics of different pieces of writing. The concepts that have been learnt in the course are important in the overall improvement of ones’ mastery of the English language. The ability to come up with accurateRead MoreEnglish 105 Composition And Challenging Critical Thinking Skills1152 Words   |  5 Pages English 105 Composition I familiarize students to the college-level writing process through the construction and revisions of a series of credible and impressive essays. It incorporates unique research skills and challenging critical thinking skills. English 105 is an introduction to different styles of writing and the importance writing has as a form of communication. Through disclosure to a variety of college level reading skills, the students will build critical reading skills, and will be ableRead MoreAcademic Writing : What Is It And How Successful A Writer Am I?1229 Words   |  5 PagesSuccessful a Writer Am I? When it comes to writing, many would say that there are two distinct â€Å"camps†: those who like to write, and those who do not. It is not unusual to find many members of the former group exploring this enjoyment through the domain of creative writing. Further, creative writing allows for a great deal of free reign. This field of writing allows the writer an all-access pass to self-expression. What is more, creative writing often affords the writer - and the writer, alone -Read MoreGraduation Speech : Learning, Rubrics And Research1144 Words   |  5 Pagesthey stretch so far and are opinionated topics. From my own personal experience, I do not really enjoy writing. I had teachers who made me write things like spelling words over and over. When the topic about research came up I instantly sighed because my first thought was that I was going to be assigned what to research. What fun is researching something if you don’t get to do it on something interesting? As I reflect back on my own experiences from grade school I remember using rubrics startingRead More1. Why Do You Want To Be A Writing Fellow, And What Will1239 Words   |  5 Pagespuzzling students; I would receive perfect grades on essays while failing math exams. My teachers just assumed I was a right-brained youngster. My papers and essays were the assignments I proudly tacked to the fridge while I stuffed my math projects into the back of my desk. The older I grew, the more apparent it became that I had a learning disorder -- not just a crooked skill set. As a teenager, I was finally diagnosed with an unusual form of dyslexia called numeric processing disorder. My conditionRead MoreWhat Made English Interesting to Me: A Reflection1020 Words   |  4 Pagesat Phoenix College and Arizona State University. He appears to have a lot of experience in teaching English. Professor John gives very detailed instruction and is helpful in respects to make sure the student understands the co ncepts of each section of material. He makes sure that students understand what is expected of them in each assignment and fully understands how to perform the task. Professor John is firm in learning the MLA formatting of essays and following the rules of the university. He gaveRead More My Philosophy of Education Essay767 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education and my personal goals and theories about how students are empowered through their educational experience revolve around the student-centered, interactive approach to instruction and learning. My goal as an educator is to create a learner-focused environment that promotes the basic literacy skills - reading, writing, listening, speaking and thinking. Children are readers, writers, and thinkers who need language to question and understandRead MoreAssignment 1767 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage with an ESL student on content which is not familiar in their country of origin? My plan to discovering this answer is to find out if anybody from our class was born outside of American than ask how they learned a topic such as the American measurement system which not common outside of America. Q2) How could students acquired immersion in their learning if given the opportunity to pick what they want to write about through a student-controlled environment? Since the students have different perspectives

His/145 Native American Civil Rights Free Essays

Native American Civil Rights HIS/145 Native American Civil Rights Native Americans were the people of the land before English settlers claimed the United States as it is today. Throughout time they have been mistreated by white people and forced to be Americanized. Their culture has almost died with their people, and to this day their rights can be challenged as unjustified. We will write a custom essay sample on His/145 Native American Civil Rights or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before the 1960’s, Native Americans were pretty much ignored by other groups of ethnicity, especially the whites. However, postwar of Vietnam sparked the American youth to protest politics, and Native Americans stood up for their civil rights as American people. In 1961, around sixty seven tribes made up of over four hundred tribal members, met up in Chicago to find new ways of bringing all Native American tribes together to address wrongs of their people. They wanted the right to choose their own way of life. Before Native Americans were seen as savages, the red men who killed attacked innocent white men. But one result of the movement was a change in the way popular culture saw Native Americans. By the 1970’s films that once portrayed Indians as such savages, stopped. Some Indian activists persuaded some white schools to change the demeaning reference of Native Americans, such as Dartmouth College that once called their team the â€Å"Indians†. In 1968, a young militant group of Native Americans established A. I. M. which stands for American Indian Movement. It supporters were those of urban areas but eventually established on reservations. â€Å"In 1968 Congress passed the Indian Civil Rights Act, which recognized the legitimacy of tribal laws within the reservations. But leaders of AIM and other insurgent groups were not satisfied and turned increasingly to direct action. In 1968, Indian fisherman clashed with Washington State officials on the Columbia River and in Puget Sound, where Indians claimed that treaties gave them the exclusive right to fish. The Following year, members of several tribes made a symbolic protest by occupying the abandoned federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay and claiming the site â€Å"by right of discovery. † (Brinkley, page 841-842 012) In the 1970 the president had promised increased tribal self-determination and another increase in federal aid for Native Americans but protests were still continuing. One of the most celebrated protests happened February 1973 at Wounded Knee, South Dakota. This was the site of the 1890 massacre of the Sioux Indians murdered in cold blood by American federal troops. AIM occupied and seized the town of Wounded Knee for about two months, demanding changes in their administration and asking the government to honor their treaty obligations that were said to be forgotten. Only one Indian was killed during this protest and another one wounded. The Indian civil rights movement, like most other civil rights movements of their times did not win full justice and equality for their people. The principal goal to some Native Americans was to defend, and protect their rights as Native Americans. As to other Native Americans it was equality. Native Americans wanted to win a place in society as an equal to all groups that made up Americans. However, there is no single Indian culture or tradition in America, so the movement to unite all Native American tribes failed. The Indian civil rights movement, for all the limitations it had endured, did accomplish winning a series of brand new legal rights and protections, which gave them a much stronger position in the twentieth century. (Brinkley, 2012 page 842) (Brinkley, 2012) Native Americans were typically unhealthy, ignored, and discriminated against as savage humans for many years. In the 1960’s, the fact that young adults were protesting for their rights as civilians led Native Americans to fight for their own rights as well. They were awarded federal aid and their tribal laws on their reservations were awarded to their people, which basically means federal law has no say when it comes to any legal decisions made on an Indian reservation, where once before they did have a say. Native Americans today have ways to bring in money to tribes, such as Casinos, and are not treated as savages as they once were before the 1960’s in American culture. Reference Brinkley, A. (2012). American History. Connecting with the Past, Fourteenth Edition (14th Ed. ). Not Sure: McGraw-Hill Company. How to cite His/145 Native American Civil Rights, Papers

Coca Cola Structure free essay sample

Introduction3 Coca cola’s Global coverage. 3 History4 Revenues4 Products and Brands6 Mission, Vision and Values8 Organizations and Organizational Effectiveness10 Stakeholders, Managers, and Ethics12 Organizational Design14 Designing Organizational Structure: Authority Control15 Designing Organizational Structure: Specialization Coordination17 Managing in a Changing Global Environment18 Organizational Design Strategy20 Creating Managing Organizational Culture21 Organizational Technology21 Organizational Transformations22 Decision Making23 Managing Conflicts, Power and Politics24 Introduction The Coca-Cola Company  is a beverage company, manufacturer, distributor, and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The company is best known for its flagship product  Coca-Cola, invented by pharmacist  John Stith Pemberton  in 1886. The Coca-Cola formula and brand was bought in 1889 by  Asa Candler  who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. Besid es its namesake Coca-Cola beverage, Coca-Cola currently offers more than 400 brands in over 200 countries or territories and serves 1. 6 billion servings each day. The company operates a  franchised  distribution system dating from 1889 where The Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate which is then sold to various  bottlers  throughout the world who hold an exclusive territory. The Coca-Cola Company is headquartered in  Atlanta,  Georgia. Its stock is listed on the  NYSE  and is part of  DJIA,  SP 500 Index, the  Russell 1000 Index  and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index. Its current chairman and CEO is  Muhtar Kent. - Coca cola’s Global coverage. - History The Coca-Cola Company was originally established in 1891 as the J. S. Pemberton Medicine Company, a co-partnership between Dr. John Stith Pemberton  and Ed Holland. The company was formed to sell three main products: Pembertons French Wine Cola (later known as Coca-Cola), Pembertons Indian Queen Hair Dye, and Pembertons Globe Flower Cough Syrup. In 1884, the company became a stock company and the name was changed to Pemberton Chemical Company. The new president was D. D. Doe while Ed Holland became the new Vice-President. Pemberton stayed on as the superintendent. The companys factory was located at No. 07, Marietta St. Three years later, the company was again changed to Pemberton Medicine Company, another co-partnership, this time between Pemberton, A. O. Murphy, E. H. Bloodworth, and  J. C. Mayfield. Finally in October 1888, the company received a charter with an authorized capital of $50,000. The charter became official on January 15, 1889. By this time, the company had expand ed its offerings to include Pembertons Orange and Lemon Elixir. - Revenues According to the 2005 Annual Report,  the company sells beverage products in more than 200 countries. The report further states that of the more than 50 billion beverage servings of all types consumed worldwide every day, beverages bearing the trademarks owned by or licensed to Coca-Cola account for approximately 1. 5 billion. Of these, beverages bearing the trademark Coca-Cola or Coke accounted for approximately 78% of the Companys total gallon sales. Also according to the 2007 Annual Report, Coca-Cola had gallon sales distributed as follows: a. 37% in the United States b. 43% in Mexico, India, Brazil, Japan and the Peoples Republic of China c. 0% spread throughout the rest of the world In 2010 it was announced that Coca-Cola had become the first brand to top ? 1 billion in annual UK grocery sales. The data for the year 2009 is given in the table below: - - - - - - - Products and Brands The Coca-Cola Company offers  nearly 400 brands  in over 200 countries, besides its namesake  Coca-Cola  beverage. Tab  was Coca-Colas first attempt to develop a diet soft drink, using  saccharin  as a sugar substitute. Introduced in 1963, the product is still sold today, however its sales have dwindled since the introduction of Diet Coke. The Coca-Cola Company also produces a number of other soft drinks including  Fanta and  Sprite. Fantas origins date back to  World War II  when  Max Keith, who managed Coca-Colas operations in  Germany  during the war, wanted to make money from Nazi Germany but did not want the negative publicity. Keith resorted to producing a different soft drink, Fanta, which proved to be a hit, and when Coke took over again after the war, it adopted the Fanta brand as well. The German  Fanta Klare Zitrone  (Clear Lemon Fanta) variety became  Sprite, another of the companys bestsellers and its response to  7 Up. During the 1990s, the company responded to the growing consumer interest in healthy beverages by introducing several new non-carbonated beverage brands. These included  Minute Maid  Juices to Go,  PowerAde sports beverage, flavoured ea  Nestea  (in a joint venture with  Nestle),  Fruitopia  fruit drink and  Dasani  water, among others. In 2001,  Minute Maid  division launched the  Simply Orange  brand of juices including  orange juice. Coca-Cola is the best-selling soft drink in most countries. While the Middle East is one of the only regions in the world where Coca-Cola is not the number one soda drink, Coca-Cola nonetheless holds almost 25% mar ket share (to Pepsis 75%) and had double-digit growth in 2003. Similarly, in  Scotland, where the locally produced  Irn-Bru  was once more popular, 2005 figures show that both Coca-Cola and Diet Coke now outsell Irn-Bru. In  Peru, the native  Inca Kola  has been more popular than Coca-Cola, which prompted Coca-Cola to enter in negotiations with the soft drinks company and buy 50% of its stakes. In  Japan, the best selling soft drink is not cola, as (canned)  tea  and  coffee  are more popular. As such, the Coca-Cola Companys bestselling brand there is not Coca-Cola, but  Georgia. Some claim Coke is less popular in  India  due to suspicions regarding the health standards of the drink. On July 6, 2006, a Coca-Cola employee and two other people were arrested and charged with trying to sell trade secrets information to the soft drink makers competitor,  PepsiCo  for $1. million. The recipe for Coca-Cola, perhaps the companys most closely guarded secret, was never in jeopardy. Instead, the information was related to a new beverage in development. Coca-Cola executives verified that the documents were valid and proprietary. At least one glass vial containing a sample of a new drink was offered for sale, court documents said. The conspiracy was revealed by PepsiCo, which notified the authorities when they were approached by the conspirators. The company announced a new negative calorie green tea drink,  Enviga, in 2006, along with trying coffee retail concepts  Far Coast  and  Chaqwa. On May 25, 2007, Coca-Cola announced it would purchase  Glaceau, a maker of flavoured vitamin-enhanced drinks (vitamin water), flavoured waters, and  energy drinks, for $4. 1 billion in cash. On September 3, 2008, Coca-Cola announced its intention to make cash offers to purchase  China Huiyuan Juice Group Limited  (which has a 42% share of the Chinese pure fruit juice market for US$2. 4bn (HK$12. 20 per share). Chinas  ministry of commerce  blocked the deal on March 18, 2009, arguing that the deal would hurt small local juice companies, could have pushed up juice market prices and limited consumers’ choices. In October 2009, Coca-Cola revealed its new 90-calorie  mini can  that holds 7. 5 fluid ounces   The first shipments are expected to reach the New York City and Washington D. C. markets in December 2009 and nationwide by March 2010. - Mission, Vision and Values Following are the mission, vision statements and company’s core values taken from the company’s official website:- The world is changing all around us. To continue to thrive as a business over the next ten years and beyond, we must look ahead, understand the trends and forces that will shape our business in the future and move swiftly to prepare for whats to come. We must get ready for tomorrow today. Thats what our 2020 Vision is all about. It creates a long-term destination for our business and provides us with a Roadmap for winning together with our bottling partners. Mission Our Roadmap starts with our mission, which is enduring. It declares our purpose as a company and serves as the standard against which we weigh our actions and decisions. . To refresh the world b. To inspire moments of optimism and happiness c. To create value and make a difference. Our Vision Our vision serves as the framework for our Roadmap and guides every aspect of our business by describing what we need to accomplish in order to continue achieving sustainable, quality growth. a. People:  Be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the bes t they can be. b. Portfolio:  Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy peoples desires and needs. c. Partners:  Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we create mutual, enduring value. d. Planet:  Be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and support sustainable communities. e. Profit:  Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities. f. Productivity:  Be a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization Our Winning Culture Our Winning Culture defines the attitudes and behaviours that will be required of us to make our 2020 Vision a reality. Live Our Values Our values serve as a compass for our actions and describe how we behave in the world. a. Leadership:  The courage to shape a better future b. Collaboration:  Leverage collective genius c. Integrity:  Be real d. Accountability:  If it is to be, its up to me e. Passion:  Committed in heart and mind f. Diversity:  As inclusive as our brands g. Quality:  What we do, we do well Focus on the Market a. Focus on needs of our consumers, customers and franchise partners. b. Get out into the market and listen, observe and learn c. Possess a world view d. Focus on execution in the marketplace every day e. Be insatiably curious Work Smart a. Act with urgency b. Remain responsive to change c. Have the courage to change course when needed d. Remain constructively discontent e. Work efficiently Act Like Owners a. Be accountable for our actions and inactions b. Steward system assets and focus on building value c. Reward our people for taking risks and finding better ways to solve problems d. Learn from our outcomes what worked and what didn’t Be the Brand Inspire creativity, passion, optimism and fun. - Organizations and Organizational Effectiveness What allows an organization to continue to operate for over 125 years, and along the way, become one of the most globally recognizable brand names? The ability to adapt and find new markets has helped Coca-Cola become an icon of the American culture. Coca-Cola was invented in 1885 and since The Coca-Cola Company’s incorporation in 1892; a strong focus on growth and marketing has existed. Besides traditional advertisements in the local newspaper, the company’s founder, Asa Candler, distributed thousands of coupons for free glasses of Coca-Cola so that many more people would be inclined to taste the product. He also distributed countless souvenirs that depicted the Coca-Cola trademark logo. By 1900, the organization, already, had operations in the United States and Canada. This focus on aggressive marketing is, still, the cornerstone for The Coca-Cola Company’s strategy and culture. The Coca-Cola Company was eager to take advantage of new markets, and expansion efforts quickly led to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines Before long, Coca-Cola was being sold in Europe. When The United States entered World War II, Coca-Cola was being sold to both sides. The Coca-Cola Company turned what many would view as a threat, into an enormous opportunity. In 1941, the company’s president, Robert Woodruff made an order to provide American troops with Coca-Cola, regardless of where they were, and what it cost to the company. During the war, 64 bottling plants were set up in Europe and the Pacific. This not only allowed American troops to acquire a taste for the drink, but it left Coca-Cola with a solid foundation to greatly expand its operations overseas. Over time, The Coca-Cola Company has remained adamant about staying in the non-alcoholic beverage industry. Besides soft drinks, The Coca-Cola Company sells energy drinks, juice drinks, sports drinks, tea, and water. The current focus of The Coca-Cola Company is still that of growth. The current objective of the organization â€Å"is to use our formidable assets-brands, financial strength, unrivalled distribution system, global reach, and a strong commitment by our management and employees worldwide-to achieve long-term sustainable growth† The key inputs for production are the raw materials used in the beverages. The company uses different types of sweeteners depending on where the concentrate is being produced. Water is one of the main ingredients used in every beverage. Since the organization greatly focuses on marketing, human capital is an important asset to the company as well. Without its employees’ knowledge and abilities, The Coca-Cola Company would not be nearly as successful. The secret formula for Coca-Cola is another key input for the company. The Coca-Cola Company does not actually produce soda. They produce the concentrate or syrup, which is then sent to distributors. Distributors add carbonated water and any other ingredient necessary to create the final product. The production process of Coca-Cola is a secret; however, it mainly consists of adding the correct amount of ingredients, and mixing them. The process to create each beverage is extremely mechanized in order to achieve quick and efficient production. The outputs of The Coca-Cola Company are the syrups and concentrates of its beverages. The Coca-Cola Company faces a number of challenges, many of which stem from the fact that the organization operates on such a large level. Each market has its own trends and demands. Consumers in some markets have become more heath conscious. In order to react to this trend, many diet and low-calorie drinks have been created. The Coca-Cola Company is always trying to find ways to be innovate. Due to the anti-carbohydrate trends created by the Atkins diet, Coca-Cola C2 was introduced. It is supposed to have the same taste as Coca-Cola, but contain half the carbohydrates. Another problem The Coca-Cola Company faces is derived from the social and political differences of each market. For example, different countries have different laws. Most developing countries have more relaxed pollution requirements. In some countries, bribes of government officials are considered normal and expected. While it is company policy that The Coca-Cola Company will follow the laws of every country that it operates in, it still has strong criticism from other parts of the world for its actions. The company has recently been the subject of strong criticism the company’s bottling plants in Colombia are alleged to have killed workers who were attempting to unionize. Even though the bottling plants are independently owned and operated, and nothing has happened legally to the bottling plants in Colombia, The Coca-Cola Company has been facing strong criticism for it in the United States. The Coca-Cola Company’s structure has characteristics of both organic and mechanistic models. The organization has a more centralized structure, however in recent years there has been a movement towards decentralization. A more in-depth analysis of the organization’s structure will be discussed later. The Coca-Cola Company measures success in many ways. The Coca-Cola Company believes that if they analyze sales based on volume growth, it is an indicator of trends at the consumer level. The company obviously looks at profit as a way to measure success. Recently, The Coca-Cola Company has been focused on being a more responsible global citizen. The company has over 70 clean-water projects in countries all across the globe. - Stakeholders, Managers, and Ethics The stakeholders for The Coca-Cola Company as stated in the company’s Corporate Responsibility Review are: a. Shareowners b. Employees c. Bottling partners d. Governmental agencies e. Suppliers f. Retail customers g. Consumers h. Local Communities i. NGOs Because each group of stakeholders has a different goal, conflicts arise. The shareowners are concerned with earning a profit, while local communities care deeply about environmental issues and labour standards. Suppliers want to charge as much as possible to create more revenues, and The Coca-Cola Company wants to get the lowest prices to decrease costs. Management wants to keep labour costs down, while employees want raises and increased benefits. The organization’s divisional managers run company operations in a general region of the globe. The functions of each vice president are divided into functions such as human resources, innovation/research and development, marketing, and public affairs and communication. The two functions most critical in taking advantage of the company’s competitive advantages are marketing and innovation/research and development. As stated time and time again, the organization tries to capitalize on its brand name as much as possible, which is why the marketing function is so important to the company. The Innovation/research and development department must come up with the products that the marketing function demands. The majority of the top level managers at The Coca-Cola Company have worked in many different regions and areas of the company. Many have worked for or ran the bottling companies that partner with the organization. The fact that members of the top management team have well rounded backgrounds allow for problems to be looked at from multiple angles. - Organizational Design The Coca-Cola Company realizes that it needs to be able to meet the ever changing demands of its customers. This is why the company pushed towards decentralization in the nineties, and even more so recently. The organization has two operating groups called Bottling Investments and Corporate. There are also operating groups divided by different regions such as: Africa, Eurasia, European Union, Latin America, North America, and Pacific. Each of these divisions is again divided into geographic regions. By allowing decisions to be made on a more local level, the organization can quickly respond to changing market demands, and higher-level management can focus more on long-term planning. Certain divisions of the company, such as finance, human resources, innovation, marketing, and strategy and planning are centrally located within the corporate division of the company. Some of these functions take place at lower levels in each of the regions of the company; however, most decisions are made at the top of the hierarchy. For example, in 2002 the decision to sponsor the World Cup was done at the corporate level. Corporate headquarters, however, allowed the local divisions to make the advertising decisions. This allowed each division to specifically design commercials and ads that would appeal to the local market. When Neville Isdell took over as CEO and chairmen of The Coca-Cola Company in 2004, he began to using more complex integrating mechanisms. In order to deal with organization’s extremely low growth rate, Isdell used teams of top managers to create solutions to the organization’s most pressing problems. Face-to-face meetings were held regularly at the local levels so employees could remain informed. Besides the use of teams and meetings, the intranet was overhauled to provide a source of real-time sharing of information. The use of complex integrating mechanisms is important in such a tall and wide organization. It is important that each function of the company is able to share up-to-date information quickly with each other. The organization seems to be doing an excellent job of balancing standardization and mutual adjustment. The Code of Conduct for the organization is a guidebook for how every employee should act. Should an employee act improperly, they are subject to disciplinary actions. Due to the changes implemented by Isdell, mutual adjustment has started to play a larger role in the organization. Employees feel more engaged and turnover has been reduced. Isdell’s changes have led to increased growth rates for the organization, and return on equity for stockholders went from a negative return to a 20 percent return. This balance is essential, because it allows employees some flexibility, but also gives the organization some predictability. The Coca-Cola Company’s structure is a hybrid of both mechanistic and organic models. The focal point of The Coca-Cola Company is on responsiveness. The complex integrating mechanisms previously discussed are characteristic of an organic structure. The surveys and interviews used by the company allowed information to flow from the bottom-up, and the intranet allows for information to be exchanged laterally. The surveys have also caused The Coca-Cola Company to pursue simplification and standardization. Centralization and high standardization are associated with a mechanistic structure. The blending of both types of structures seems to be ideal for the organization. Flexibility is essential when trying to appeal to such a vast number of independent markets, however, high standardization is important to remain efficient in production. The use of complex integrating mechanisms allows for easier coordination for the global company. Centralization keeps organizational choices aligned with organizational goals. Now that information in the company is flowing in every direction, upper-management will have access to information more quickly, adding to the organization’s flexibility and responsiveness. The recent shift towards a more decentralized and organic structure corresponds with the uncertainty of the organization’s environment. - Designing Organizational Structure: Authority Control The Coca-Cola Company currently employs approximately 94,800 employees. According to a general organizational chart obtained from the company’s website, there are more than 5 hierarchical levels at the corporate level. For example: the head of the Canadian division reports to the president and COO of the North American Group. That president reports to the CFO, who reports to the Office of the General Counsel. The General Counsel then reports to the CEO. It is fair to assume that there are at least a few more steps in the hierarchy at the local level. Due to its tall structure, the organization has experienced communication problems. One of the problems discovered through a survey, was that the people and the company lacked clear goals. Tall hierarchies also cause motivation problems, which is why the organization is attempting to get employees more engaged. The increased usefulness of the company’s intranet will greatly increase the communication between every level of employees, and allow upper management to effectively communicate to the front line employees. Based on information from Report 2006 this span of control seems somewhat slim for the CEO of such a large organization. The CEO is also a member of the Senior Leadership Team. This team consists of each head of the eight operating groups aforementioned, and also has other top executives in areas like innovation and technology and marketing. Although there are only six people that answer directly to the CEO, the CEO is able to receive input from a wide variety of divisions because of this leadership team. Since the team is comprised of members from various divisions, the CEO is able to obtain a wide variety of information. The move to decentralization has caused structural changes for The Coca-Cola Company. New offices have been opened to facilitate decisions being made closer to the local markets. The organization has also undergone centralization of some of the company’s departments. In 2006, the Bottling Investments division was created to â€Å"establish internal organization for our consolidated bottling operations and our unconsolidated bottling investments. † It appears that the organization is striving for a hybrid structure, which allows them to have advantages of both mechanistic and organic structures, while trying to minimize the negative consequences of each. The strategic structural changes that the organization has gone through in recent years have created a much needed positive impact on the company. Sales growth increased and employees are much more satisfied. The organization is trying to create a more innovative culture by pushing towards decentralization. - Designing Organizational Structure: Specialization Coordination The Coca-Cola Company realizes that a divisional structure gives the organization the best opportunity to react to the changes in its uncertain environment, but also allow it to maintain a level of stability. The multidivisional structure is beneficial for the organization for a variety of reasons. The division based on geographic region allows certain aspects of the company’s operations to be tailored to the individual market. One advertising campaign or slogan may not be appropriate for another market, so decisions about specific ads are made closer to the individual markets. Multidivisional structures allow divisional managers to handle daily operations while corporate managers are free to focus on long-term planning. There are also problems associated with this type of structure. If the company creates divisional competition, coordination may decrease because each division wants to have an advantage over everyone else. Communication problems may also exist because information can become distorted when it has to travel up and down tall hierarchies. A multidivisional matrix structure may be better suited for The Coca-Cola Company. This would increase coordination between corporate and divisional levels, and managers at each level would work together to create solutions to problems. While such a structure may be too complex for a global organization, the company may want to look into it. Managing in a Changing Global Environment Due to its tremendous global presence, The Coca-Cola Company operates in an extremely uncertain environment. Increased competition from global and local companies has led to competition over the most important resource: customers. The Coca-Cola Company must not only compete for customers, but also raw materials needed for each product. In some parts of the world, clean water is becoming increasingly hard to come by. The Coca-Cola Company has only one or two suppliers for some of its raw materials. For example, they view The NutraSweet Company as one of only two viable sources for the ingredient aspartame . The Coca-Cola Company is at a strong disadvantage if they cannot decrease their reliance on a small number of suppliers. If relations with suppliers deteriorate, or if the suppliers go bankrupt, it would have dire consequences for The Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola Company must also compete to get the best employees possible. The production of the beverages does not require skilled labor, but the organization has had problems finding the proper personnel to run the organization. In 2004, The Coca-Cola Company’s top choices for the open CEO position decided not to join the company because they did not like the actions of the Board of Directors. Due to the organization’s high credit rating, the company has the ability to raise funds at a lower cost. This allows the organization the opportunity to finance operations such as expansion through the issuance of debt. This may be necessary if The Coca-Cola Company looks to expand into new markets, or purchase new brands. The environment in which The Coca-Cola Company operates in is extremely dynamic. The environment is difficult to predict and control due to the global nature of the operations. The Coca-Cola Company faces the threat of reduced production or disruption in distribution if there is a problem in a market. The Annual Report (2006) lists risks, such as worker strikes, work stoppages, and the chance a distributor falls on harsh economic times. Another reason the company’s environment is tremendously dynamic is due to the nature of their raw materials. Some of their key raw materials are dependent on specific climates. Climate changes may impact the price of the materials they need to obtain and, in turn, affect the cost of production. The strength and interconnectedness of the general forces that The Coca-Cola Company must deal with make the environment extremely complex. Recently in the United States, two forces have started to become inter-woven: cultural/social values and political/environmental forces. Many American companies are now being lambasted if they do not try to be more environmentally friendly, and The Coca- Cola Company is no different. The company has received plenty of criticism for its operations in India, with claims that they cause a great deal of pollution and have damaged local water supplies. The Coca-Cola Company uses a wide variety of techniques to manage relationships with its stakeholders, the most useful tool being strategic alliances. A former CEO of the organization claimed that 100 percent of its revenues came from strategic alliances. The company uses exclusive contracts with its bottling partners and other customers as well. In 1999, the organization signed a ten-year deal with Burger King to be the restaurants only supplier of beverages. Even though PepsiCo was willing to give Wendy’s a much better deal, the restaurant signed a ten-year deal with The Coca-Cola Company. This example shows how powerful the Coca-Cola © brand name really is. The Coca-Cola Company has done an excellent job managing some aspects of the environment, but done a poor job at managing other parts of the environment. The negative publicity received from its operations in India and the actions of its bottling partner in Colombia has led to boycotts of Coca-Cola products on some campuses. While this is clearly bad for the company, the average consumer is completely unaware of these allegations. This means that The Coca-Cola Company is doing a decent job of damage control. While the company has not had any trouble with suppliers lately, the future is always uncertain. It does not seem like the company is not actively trying to secure supplies, which is why vertical integration was recommended. - - - - Organizational Design Strategy The core competences that give the organization its best competitive advantages are its strong brand name and its network of bottlers and distributors. Along with its marketing capabilities and broad portfolio of products, The Coca-Cola Company has core competences which are extremely difficult, if not impossible to duplicate. The strong Coca-Cola brand name gives the company a great deal of bargaining power and leverage. In 1999, PepsiCo and The Coca-Cola Company were fighting to become the supplier of beverages for the Wendy’s restaurant chain. Wendy’s opted to partner with The Coca-Cola Company even though PepsiCo was offering much more money. The brand name recognition that the company enjoys is a powerful bargaining tool. The Coca-Cola name even has an influence on consumer tastes. When The Coca-Cola Company was looking to launch Diet Coke, they performed some blind taste tests with consumers. The consumers preferred a glass labelled Diet Coke over a glass labelled Tab by 12 percent, even though the liquids in each glass were identical. It has taken the organization over 120 years to build such a strong brand preference, and this cannot be imitated by competitors. The relationships that the organization has with its distributors are another competitive advantage that cannot easily be imitated. The contracts and relationships between the two groups create symbiotic interdependencies, which mean that the success of both companies has a direct impact on each other. The Coca-Cola Company agrees not to sell to other parties in the local market, and the bottler agrees to only purchase the syrup and concentrate from the company’s authorized dealers. The Coca-Cola Company at times provides the retailers and distributors with promotions, and capital at times. Because the organization does not have to worry about the distribution in the local markets, it allows the company to focus on more important issues. The Coca-Cola Company’s business-level strategy is one of differentiation. This is evident in the previous example of consumers preferring identical beverages just because the Coke brand name was attached. They have been successful pursuing differentiation because the focus of the company has always been on marketing. The Coca-Cola Company is â€Å"known for innovative marketing that constantly promotes their brand names and protects their domains from competitors. The hybrid structure of The Coca-Cola Company is ideal for its differentiation strategy. The centralization of the marketing and innovation functions allows the company to retain control over development, marketing and production. By performing extensive market research and creating more local offices, the company is always looking for new ways to serve new customers. The use of complex integrating mechanisms allows coordination between all levels and divisions of the company. Creating Managing Organizational Culture The culture of The Coca-Cola organization is mission driven; focused on refreshing the mind, inspiring optimism, and making a difference (Thecocacolacompany. com). The rich history of the organization has allowed the company to compile hundreds of stories of consumers and employees. These stories share real life examples of what Coca-Cola © means to their consumers and gives employees a sense of pride to be a part of something that means so uch for so many people. They also inspire new employees to make a positive impact on the world. Stories are so important to The Coca-Cola Company that they created a museum in Las Vegas that focuses on the stories of customers. After visitors heard others’ stories, they could record their own, which the company could use in the future (McLellan, 2006). As stated previously, the company has been trying to change the culture by allowing employees to essentially shape and reform the goals of The Coca-Cola Company (Fox, 2007). The positive stories that the company chooses to focus on provide a foundation to encourage employees to be not only model workers, but model citizens. - Organizational Technology Currently, output processes are the greatest source of uncertainty for the organization. As previously stated, The Coca-Cola Company does not produce the end product. Distributors and bottlers mix other ingredients (mainly carbonated water) with syrups and concentrates and then sell the products. The Coca-Cola brand name is on the end product, regardless of who bottles it. The company must keep pressure on the bottlers to maintain high quality outputs, or it could have negative consequences for The Coca-Cola Company. There exists very little information about the production of the Coca-Cola syrup. Even at The World of Coca-Cola, a museum for the company, there is no mention of how the syrup is produced. The production of Dasani, the company’s bottled water, is extremely mechanized, and it is fair to assume that the production of every Coca-Cola product is the same. This mass production and high mechanization leads to a high level of technical complexity. Classification Level of Technical Complexity a. Small-Batch and Unit Production Low to Medium b. Large-Batch and Mass Production Medium to High Continuous Process or Flow Production High The typical structure of a manufacturing company that uses mass production is a mechanistic structure, in which efficient production is the desired end. The Coca-Cola Company’s structure is unique in that it has a lot of the characteristics of an organic structure. This is due to its focus on marketing and local appeal. The structural mismatch means that production in the organization may not be as efficient as possible; however, the benefits of the organization’s structure outweigh the consequences. - Organizational Transformations The Coca-Cola Company was founded in 1888 to take advantage of the already popular Coca-Cola name. Of the four life cycle stages (birth, growth, decline, death), after 120 years, the company remains in the growth stage because the company’s value creation skills continue to evolve. The company has faced a variety of internal problems over the years. A constant struggle in any organization is trying to meet employees’ demands while trying to keep labour costs low. In 2005, workers went on strike because management wanted to institute a policy where employees would pay a greater portion of their health benefits. If the organization experiences any work stoppage, the company may not be able to meet customer demand and lose out on revenue. Another internal problem within the company is that the board exercises a great deal of power and influence. As previously stated, the company failed to attract its top choices for CEO in 2004, and the board has even pulled ads because they thought the commercials did not fit the company’s image . Uncertainty in the environment has caused many external problems for the organization, ranging from uncertainty with its suppliers and distributors to political and societal pressures. . While there was not information regarding policy changes because of this, many believe that the power of the board will diminish because long time director Warren Buffet has stepped down. Buffet has been viewed as rather conservative and also involved himself in the decision making of the organization. As the company has continued to grow, top managers have pushed operational responsibility and decision making down to the local levels. This move allows the company to react better to each market, and it also allows corporate managers to concentrate on strategic and long-term planning. By allowing lower level managers to become intricately involved in the company’s growth efforts, Neville Isdell created an environment in which everyone felt responsible for the company’s performance. He has also promoted employees within the organization, which aligns both the goals of the managers and the organization. The fifth and final stage of Greiner’s model is focused on reducing bureaucracy to speed up decision making. In April 2007, COO Muhtar Kent stated that the company is focusing on simplifying the structure to reduce bureaucracy. Theory postulates that an organization in this stage would be wise to pursue a product team or matrix structure. Because The Coca-Cola Company only operates in one domain and has over 400 products, the product team structure would be too costly and unrealistic. A matrix structure would be an idea worth considering; however the organization uses divisions based on geography, not product. Due to lack of information about the company’s regional structure, it is hard to say whether the company should pursue a matrix structure or remain as a multidivisional structure. - Decision Making The majority of decisions made by The Coca-Cola Company are done so by using the incremental method. Each year, the company would analyze results, and then make slight changes in operations to create better results next year. The company does not just quickly decide to create a new product, or change operations. Drastic changes take time. Recently, realizing that the company was in desperate need for a drastic change, Isdell sought to figure out why the company performance was declining. By starting at the lower levels of the organization to find solutions, the company was able to make some drastic changes to the company’s culture, how employees were rewarded, and made efforts to get employees more involved. The changes brought on by using the unstructured decision making model created much better results for the company. One of the biggest flaws in the organization is that the board of directors is responsible for some of the non-programmed decisions made by the company. When The Coca-Cola Company was seeking to purchase Quaker Oats, the deal was almost finalized, but then stopped because the board felt the price was too. When decisions are made by the board, it means they lack confidence in the upper management of the company to make vital decisions. This is problematic for the company for a few reasons. Because members of the board have so much money invested in company stock, they want to minimize risk, and thus, are extremely prone to take fewer chances. The members of the board do not or have not worked for the company, so they are not close enough to know all the pertinent information required to make complex decisions. - Managing Conflicts, Power and Politics Conflicts can be a healthy way for an organization to improve decision making, and create new ways for looking at problems. Conflicts can also be a significant source of trouble for an organization when they cause production declines or important decisions cannot be made. When the organization sought a new CEO in 2004, their top choices turned them down because the prospects felt that the board had too much power . This type of conflict can drastically affect the organization’s ability to change and adapt quickly, a necessity in the company’s extremely uncertain environment. The example also shows that it can prevent the organization from acquiring important human resources. The marketing department is the most powerful subunit in the organization. According to the data, â€Å"The marketing department has considerable power because it is the department that can attract customers – the critical scarce resource. The heavy emphasis on marketing could prevent the company from finding ways to become more efficient in production or distribution. The benefits derived from the power allocated to the marketing function greatly outweigh any negative consequence. By providing the department with more resources, the company can conduct great er market research. For example, even though the organization had a diet beverage on the market, research indicated that by simply using the name Diet Coke, preferences for the same tasting beverage increased dramatically. Allocating more capital to the department also allows for each marketing campaign to be tailored to specific markets, making advertisements more effective. Market research also saves money for the company. If consumer data shows the company that one of their ideas would not do well, the company can decide not to produce that beverage. The strong emphasis on marketing has allowed Coca-Cola to become one of the most recognized brand names in the world, which gives the company an advantage over its competition and gives it more bargaining power. One negative consequence of putting such a great emphasis on marketing research is evidenced in what has become known as one of the greatest flops in history. Taste tests indicated that consumers would prefer a new, sweeter version of Coca-Cola, which lead to the creation of New Coke in 1985. The strong brand attachment that the company worked so hard to achieve with consumers caused a severe backlash towards the reformulation of Coca-Cola. This example proves that market research cannot always be an indicator of what will actually happen. | | | | | | | |

The Philosophical Notion of Idealism Essay Sample free essay sample

This article is about the philosophical impression of idealism. For other utilizations. see Idealism ( disambiguation ) In doctrine. idealism is the group of doctrines which assert that world. or world as we can cognize it. is basically mental. mentally constructed. or otherwise immaterial. Epistemologically. idealism manifests as a incredulity about the possibility of cognizing any mind-independent thing. In a sociological sense. idealism emphasizes how human thoughts — particularly beliefs and values — form society. [ 1 ] As an ontological philosophy. idealism goes farther. asseverating that all entities are composed of head or spirit. [ 2 ] Idealism therefore rejects physicalist and dualist theories that fail to impute precedence to the head. The corresponding thought in metaphysics is monism. The earliest extant statements that the universe of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu dreamers in India and the Grecian Neoplatonists gave pantheistic statements for an all-pervading consciousness as the land or true nature of world. [ 3 ] In contrast. the Yogacara school. which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the fourth century CE. [ 4 ] based its â€Å"mind-only† idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This bend toward the subjective awaited empiricists such as George Berkeley. who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by using disbelieving statements against philistinism. Get downing with Immanuel Kant. German dreamers such as G. W. F. Hegel. Johann Gottlieb Fichte. Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling. and Arthur Schopenhauer dominated 19th-century doctrine. This tradition. which emphasized the mental or â€Å"ideal† character of all phenomena. birthed idealistic and subjectivist schools runing from British idealism to phenomenalism to existential philosophy. The historical influence of this subdivision of idealism remains cardinal even to the schools that rejected its metaphysical The twentieth century British scientist Sir James Jeans wrote that à ¢â‚¬Å"the Universe begins to look more like a great idea than like a great machine† Realism is a doctrine of head rooted in the â€Å"common sense† doctrine of perceptual experience known as naif pragmatism. which has been developed as â€Å"direct† pragmatism when distinguished from representative pragmatism. the position that we can non comprehend the external universe straight. Critical pragmatism is the doctrine of perceptual experience concerned with the truth of human sense-data. In epistemology pragmatism is accounted a subcategory of objectivism. Hyper-realism or Hyperreality. on the other manus. doubts the inability of consciousness to separate world from phantasy. Nonnatural pragmatism is a construct implying that persons have a perfect apprehension of the restrictions of their ain heads. Realism is non the idea of being existent. In metaphysics Platonic pragmatism describes a doctrine articulated by Plato. situating the being of universals. Moderate pragmatism is a place keeping that there is no kingdom where universals exist. New pragmatism denotes a school of early 20th-century epistemology rejecting epistemic dualism and Organic pragmatism or the Organism. describes the metaphysics of Alfred North Whitehead. now known as procedure doctrine. Australian pragmatism or Australian philistinism is a twentieth Century school of doctrine in Australia. Truth-value nexus pragmatism is a metaphysical construct explicating how to understand parts of the universe that are seemingly cognitively unaccessible. Quasi-realism is an expressivist meta-ethical theory which asserts that though our moral claims are projectivist we understand them in realist footings. In spiritual doctrine Christian Realism was advocated by Reinhold Niebuhr and mystical pragmatism. a doctrine refering the nature of the Godhead. was advanced by Nikolai Berdyaev. Modal pragmatism is a doctrine propounded by David Lewis which states that possible universes are every bit existent as the existent universe. The Scots School of Common Sense Realism Scots Common Sense Realism is a school of doctrine that sought to support naif pragmatism against philosophical paradox and agnosticism. reasoning that affairs of common sense are within the range of common apprehension and that common-sense beliefs even govern the lives and ideas of those who hold non-commonsensical beliefs. It originated in the thoughts of the most outstanding members of the Scots School of Common Sense. Thomas Reid. Adam Ferguson and Dugald Stewart. during the eighteenth century Scottish Enlightenment and flourished in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in Scotland and America Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition centered on the linking of pattern and theory. It describes a procedure where theory is extracted from pattern. and applied back to pattern to organize what is called intelligent pattern. [ commendation needed ] Important places characteristic of pragmatism include instrumentalism. extremist empiricist philosophy. verificationism. conceptual relativity. and fallibilism. [ commendation needed ] There is general consensus among pragmatists that doctrine should take the methods and penetrations of modern scientific discipline into history. [ 1 ] Charles Sanders Peirce ( and his matter-of-fact axiom ) deserves most of the recognition for pragmatism. [ 2 ] along with ulterior 20th century subscribers. William James and John Dewey. [ 1 ] Perennialism believe that one should learn the things that one deems to be of everlasting applicability to all people everyplace. They believe that the most of import subjects develop a individual. Since inside infor mations of fact alteration invariably. these can non be the most of import. Therefore. one should learn rules. non facts. Since people are human. one should learn first about worlds. non machines or techniques. Since people are people foremost. and workers 2nd if at all. one should learn broad subjects foremost. non vocational subjects. A peculiar scheme with modern perennialists is to learn scientific logical thinking. non facts. They may exemplify the concluding with original histories of celebrated experiments. This gives the pupils a human side to the scientific discipline. and shows the logical thinking in action. Most significantly. it shows the uncertainness and false stairss of existent scientific discipline. Although perennialism may look similar to essentialism. perennialism focuses foremost on personal development. while essentialism focuses foremost on indispensable accomplishments. Essentialist course of study therefore be given to be much more vocational and fact-based. and far less broad and principle-based. Both doctrines are typically considered to be teacher-centered. as opposed to stu dent-centered doctrines of instruction such as progressivism. However. since the instructors associated with perennialism are in a sense the writers of the Western chef-doeuvres themselves. these instructors may be unfastened to student unfavorable judgment through the associated Socratic method. which. if carried out as true duologue. is a balance between pupils. including the instructor advancing the treatment. Essentialism In doctrine. essentialism is the position that. for any specific entity ( such as a group of people ) . there is a set of incidental properties all of which are necessary to its individuality and map. [ 1 ] Harmonizing to essentialism. a member of a specific group may possess other features that are neither needed to set up its rank nor prevent its rank. but that kernels do non merely reflect ways of grouping objects ; they besides result in belongingss of the object. as the object can be subjugated to smaller contexts. [ 2 ] This position is contrasted with non-essentialism. which states that. for any given sort of entity. there are no specific traits which entities of that sort must possess. Anthropology professor Lawrence Hirschfeld gives an illustration of what constitutes the kernel of a tiger. regardless of whether it is striped or albino. or has lost a leg. The indispensable belongingss of a tiger are those without which it is no longer a tiger. Other belongingss. such as chev rons or figure of legs. are considered unessential or ‘accidental’ . [ 3 ] Biologist Ernst Mayr epitomizes the consequence of such an essentialist character of Platonic signifiers in biological science: â€Å"Flesh-and-blood coneies may change. but their fluctuations are ever to be seen as blemished divergence from the ideal kernel of rabbit† . For Mayr. the healthful antithesis of essentialism in biological science is â€Å"population thinking† . Existentialism is a term applied to the work of a figure of late 19th- and 20th-century philosophers who. despite profound doctrinal differences. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] shared the belief that philosophical thought begins with the human subject—not simply the thought topic. but the playing. feeling. populating human single. [ 4 ] In existential philosophy. the individual’s get downing point is characterized by what has been called â€Å"the experiential attitude† . or a sense of freak out and confusion in the face of an seemingly meaningless or absurd universe. [ 5 ] Many existential philosophers have besides regarded traditional systematic or academic doctrines. in both manner and content. as excessively abstract and distant from concrete human experience. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Soren Kierkegaard is by and large considered to hold been the first existential philosopher philosopher. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] He proposed that each individual—not society or religion—is entir ely responsible for giving significance to life and populating it passionately and unfeignedly ( â€Å"authentically† ) . [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Existentialism became popular in the old ages following World War II. and strongly influenced many subjects besides doctrine. including divinity. play. art. literature. and psychological science. [ 13 ] Scholars have remarked by and large that many self-described â€Å"existentialist† philosophers have positions that differ deeply from one another’s Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche were two of the first philosophers considered cardinal to the existentialist motion. though neither used the term â€Å"existentialism† and it is ill-defined whether they would hold supported the existential philosophy of the twentieth century. They focused on subjective human experience instead than the nonsubjective truths of mathematics and scientific discipline. which they believed were excessively detached or experimental to truly acquire at the human experience. Like Pascal. they were interested in people’s quiet battle with the evident nonsense of life and the us age of recreation to get away from ennui. Unlike Pascal. Kierkegaard and Nietzsche besides considered the function of doing free picks. peculiarly sing cardinal values and beliefs. and how such picks change the nature and individuality of the picker. [ 41 ] Kierkegaard’s knight of religion and Nietzsche’s Ubermensch are representative of people who exhibit Freedom. in that they define the nature of their ain being. Nietzsche’s idealized single invents his or her ain values and creates the really footings they excel under. By contrast. Kierkegaard. opposed to the degree of abstraction in Hegel. and non about as hostile ( really welcoming ) to Christianity as Nietzsche. argues through a anonym that the nonsubjective certainty of spiritual truths ( specifically Christian ) is non merely impossible. but even founded on logical paradoxes. Yet he continues to connote that a spring of religion is a possible agency for an person to make a higher phase of being that transcends and contains both an aesthetic and ethical value of life. Kierkegaard and Nietzsche were besides precursors to other rational motions. including postmodernism. and assorted strands of psychological science. However. Kierkegaard believed that an person should populate in conformity with his or her thought. This point of position is forced upon spiritual persons much more frequently than upon philosophers. psychologists. or scientists.