High School Vs. Dual Enrollment - 896 Words

I feel as though everyone will come to a point where they can look back and truly discover how they’ve grown from their learning experiences. And in the observing of your past, once can see what has made them who they are to this day. In my schooling, I have worked to the point of my first English collegiate class while still a senior in high school. It’s an achievement that will affect me for the rest of my life. And so far, this class has helped me grow and learn things that weren’t possible in previous classes. Having this class paint a picture I have never observed before, it pointed out the strengths and weaknesses I have developed over the course. And with maturity in play, these lessons and realizations can be applied to my future academics and even beyond. High school English and Dual Enrollment specifically has shown me my progression as a student by revealing my past learning and uncovering ideas I never knew were relevant to me, that can be applie d to my future aspirations an pursuits as a college student and forever learning in life. This English class has indeed helped me grow over the course load and lectures. For example, I now know how to write about a topic that I am not interested in whatsoever. Many of the English classes before this one, I did not have to apply myself as much which helped me not care about the topic being discussed. However, being in a difficult collegiate class, I must try my best whether I am interested in the assignment orShow MoreRelatedDual Enrollment vs. Ap981 Words   |  4 PagesAs high-school students (and their families) approach their junior year of high school, the same questions loom over their heads. What courses should my student take to better their chances of getting into college? What can I do now to alleviate the ï ¬ nancial burden of college tuition? AP courses look better than Dual Enrollment courses on an application. Due to the minimal monetary commitment, the accuracy to the rigor of college courses, and the conï ¬ dence students receive, Dual Enrollment coursesRead MoreHow Seniors Should Begin Doing More Campus Tours Essay946 Words   |  4 Pagescan look at their college readiness scores and say, ‘You know what, according to this, you’ll be taking some remedial classes,† Lohmeyer says. Focusing on those core subjects as a senior will contribute to student success in college courses. More high schools should enforce the same thinking that Lohmeyer does. Instead of allowing students to take easy elective classes where they are not necessarily challenged academically, they should force them to take the harder more beneficial classes. Having aRead MoreHow Many Students Graduate From College In The Standard1491 Words   |  6 Pagesstudent’s first year in college has become a waste. The people involved with education in America are wasting time and money. High school students are unprepared going into college. Plenty of students felt they wasted their senior year, taking simple classes and study halls. In the wasted year, these students lose the skills gained in the previous three years in high school. When their time in college arrives, they are without the proper skills to succeed in college-level classes. Their lack of skillRead MoreEssay On 7 Period Schedule 1091 Words   |  5 Pagesregarding the move to a 7-period schedule in our high schools was centered on the needs of our students. Recently the principals from all three high schools in Citrus County released letters to all students and families explaining that beginning with the 2018-2019 school year, Citrus County high schools will transition from a block schedule to a traditional 7-period school day. The move to a 7-period day follows a trend by a majority of high schools in Florida, to move away from block schedules orRead MoreTow Way Immersion Education Programs in the United States1864 Words   |  7 Pagesacademic success in two languages, then why aren’t all parents urging their school administrators to implement programs in their kids schools? Although the number of TWI schools has grown significantly since the first one opened in Coral Gables, FL in 1963, the lack of common knowledge of the existence and success of these programs is one of the main factors to blame for the slow evolution of our schools into TWI based schools. Components of TWI Programs TWI programs differ from traditional schoolingRead MoreHistory of Community Colleges in the United States2617 Words   |  11 Pagesbecome a vital component of the postsecondary education delivery system. As of 2011-2012 school year, 45% of all undergraduate students were enrolled in public two-year colleges, approximately 8.3 million students (Knapp et al., 2012. Cited by AACC Fast Facts). And it seems that with globalization and Obama’s education agenda, the trend of growing enrollment in community colleges won’t change. A high school graduate who decides to pursue postsecondary education may face with a dilemma--whether enrollRead MoreI Am Writing At The Spring 2015 Semester Of Mrs. Miller s Engl 112 Dual Enrollment College1577 Words   |  7 PagesI am writing to share with you the work I have completed during the Spring 2015 semester in Mrs. Miller’s Engl 112 Dual Enrollment College Composition II course at Brooke Point High School. Continuing our work fro m the first semester, this course emphasized research and argumentative writing for both the social sciences and the humanities, and a very challenging multi-genre project on a topic of our choice. Mrs. Miller encouraged us to strengthen our research skills through the use of annotated bibliographiesRead MoreKids Community College: Exclusive Collegiate-Based Curriculum7369 Words   |  30 Pagesstudents to excel as young leaders of tomorrow by combining an exclusive collegiate-based curriculum tailored specifically for children with enhanced, first class child care services. Unlike our competitors, we offer advanced technology programs, after-school tutoring, and activities such as arts and crafts, dance, theatre and gymnastics, all in one location. Kid s Community College is a privately held corporation run by its owner. Mr. Jackson has 3 years of Management and Budgeting experience, andRead MoreEssay about Brown vs. Board of Education2486 Words   |  10 PagesThe Supreme Court decision [on Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas] is the greatest victory for the Negro people since the Emancipation Proclamation, Harlems Amsterdam News exclaimed. ‘It will alleviate troubles in many other fields. The Chicago Defender added, ‘this means the beginning of the end of the dual society in American life and the systemÂ…of segregation which supports it. Oliver Brown, father of Linda Brown decided that his third grade daughter should not have toRead MoreHuman Resource Development in Pakistan6755 Words   |  28 Pagesfactor that influences the direction and pace of socio-economic development in any country. The real wealth of a country is its human capital – its people. Without creating the critical mass of a qualitative human resource, a country cannot sustain a high growth rate. It is the quality of education that enables a country to make full use of its manpower for development. Human development is simply â€Å"a process of enlarging people’s choices[i]† and aims at creating an environment in which people

Reliable Techniques for Buy Term Papers Online Canada That You Can Use Starting Today

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Group Dynamics Drugs and Substance

Question: Discuss about the Group Dynamicsfor Drugs and Substance. Answer: Introduction The society faces many challenges that affect the livelihood of individuals on a daily basis. However, survival depends on the ability of one to cope with situations and find a way forward despite the challenges. Interaction with people beyond family and friends can be very helpful in making one feel better especially when stressed. Support groups are one way of assisting individuals with unique concerns such as drugs and substance abuse, domestic violence and gender inequality to solve their problems. People who face the same challenges can share experiences and help each other to change the perception they have of their condition because by talking to others with similar problems the burden of isolation and stigma reduces. It is important to look at the formation of support groups and how they help to serve special interests in society by providing hope and creating a sense of belonging. The youth are a special section of the population that requires attention and guidance to overcome the challenges they face in life. This group of the population is young, and at times they overestimate their expectations, and when they fail to achieve them, they resort to anti-social behavior such as violence, theft, and alcoholism as a way of releasing stress. Even though the youth are an integral part of countries economies, they are still neglected when it comes to employment because of the lack of experience. This has resulted in idleness and frustration to the extent that they engage in drugs as the immediate consolation to their misfortune. Apart from unemployment other critical issues concerning the youth are school dropout, poverty and materialism and addiction to drugs and substance abuse (Lochner Bales, 2006). These problems contribute to the decay of the moral fabric, and unless focus if put on controlling them, society risks losing more youth to vices. Support groups are beneficial to the well-being of the child in the sense that they offer a platform for peers to talk about the issues that affect them and how best to deal with them. Group work empowers the youth to develop skills of solving the issues that affect them as a group by sharing information and news of interest to them. It is also important because members of a group with similar problems get an emotional identification through inspiration and encouragement that they get from some members who act as role models because they managed to achieve despite the challenges they have (Ebenstein, 2006). In groups, there is the security of the personal issues that the youth reveal when sharing their experience and thoughts. The youth feel comfortable opening up in groups than to professionals because of the extent of secrecy that the group members hold to themselves. Teamwork among the youth boosts their self-esteem and reduces depression because members have a sense of identity a nd feel part of the society through their interactions (Gitterman, 2014). Drugs and substance abuse among the youth are ever increasing because many challenges have not been addressed such as unemployment and poverty. An active support group for the young people who are addicted to drugs should be formed with the aim of helping them change their behavior with time. Confidentiality in the support group is necessary for them to open up comfortably without fear. The group should also understand and share feeling so that all members participate in giving their experiences through self-disclosure (Figueras, 2014). Persuasion and morale building in youth groups should be done for them to see that it is possible to stop drug abuse and embrace change as done by others who faced the same problem but managed to change. According to Turner (2011), support groups should aim at providing solutions to the problems that people face through sharing and coming up coping strategies. The youth who are addicted to drugs have their reasons as to why they use drugs; this means the support group should have a deliberate process to identify their goals and consider fighting oppressions such as discrimination by age, disability, and race (Ward, 2014). In the support group, there must be the participation of all members so that they feel equally treated but not controlled by others. Discussion and dialogue with members provide grounds for expressing ideas and give emotional support to each other. The youth who feel neglected should find the support group a useful empowerment platform to speak their mind on the challenge of addiction to drugs and be able to adopt change after getting advice from the experiences of others. Chan (2014) noted that the formation of support groups for drug addicts should incorporate social identity issues to help the group understand the cause of abusing drugs. Moreover, the perception and belief that the jobless youth are idle to engage in drugs are one reason why many youths decide to use drugs because they want to associate themselves with others of their age who use drugs. Peer influence and the demand for them to look similar and identify themselves with others results in some of the youth engaging in drugs. Differences in religion and the belief that some religions support drug use is a social problem that needs to be rectified (Saunders, 2012). Inclusive and accessible support groups embrace the diversity of cultures and have members across different ethnic lines so that different experiences are shared ( Kumaran, 2011). The location of a support group must be at a place where the disabled can access because they are also entitled to getting services from support gr oups. Self-disclosure and confidentiality must be assured to all members because as part of the group, they all have the right to be treated fairly. Barriers to membership on the basis of age, gender or social class should be avoided so that all those facing the problem of drug addiction get a chance to join the support group. Agenda for One Support Group Session Topic: Managing without Alcohol Schedule 1. Introduction from the facilitator (5mins) The facilitator welcomes members of the support group to the session and introduces the topics of discussion. 2. Icebreakers (15mins) Members are put into groups of three and given time to do some physical exercise of their choice. 3. Song (5mins) Members sing a song after reassembling before talks start 4. Open floor for members to share their experiences on the use of alcohol and some side effects they have faced (20mins) 5.Encouragement talk from a case study- someone who was an addict before but who has managed to live without drinking (20mins) 6. Questions and contribution from members on the lessons learned (10mins) The relevance of the introduction in the session is to alert members of the topic of discussion while icebreakers are meant to give members a chance to interact and get to know each other well in groups (Murphy Khazanchi, 2008). The song is used to create the mood for the session to begin. Experiences are shared to disclose what members have gone through while the case study is used to attach relevance to the topic and to show evidence that it is indeed possible to survive without alcohol. A question and answer session are meant to find out if members benefitted. Dealing with a particular group of people with special interests requires a keen study of the environment and application of their experiences in the search for a solution that gives answers to their concerns and worries. It is important to come up with effective means to help special interest groups to achieve their goals through sharing experiences and changing the perceptions they hold of issues that affect them. References Chan, M. (2014). Social identity gratifications of social network sites and their impact on collective action participation.Asian Journal Of Social Psychology,17(3), 229-235. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12068 Ebenstein, H. (2006). Caregiver Support Groups: Finding Common Ground.Social Work With Groups,29(2-3), 243-258. https://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j009v29n02_16 Figueras, J. (2014). Moderation and facilitation of group discussions.European Journal Of Public Health,24(suppl_2). https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku162.113 Gitterman, A. (2006). Building Mutual Support in Groups.Social Work With Groups,28(3-4), 91-106. https://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j009v28n03_07 Kumaran, K. (2011). The role of Self-help Groups in Promoting Inclusion and Rights of Persons with Disabilities.Disability, CBR Inclusive Development,22(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.5463/dcid.v22i2.78 Lochner, A., Bales, S. (2006). Framing youth issues for public support.New Directions For Youth Development,2006(112), 11-23. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yd.190 Murphy, J., Khazanchi, D. (2008). Synergistic Ideation Through Pairing Participants in Facilitated Group Support Systems Sessions.American Journal Of Business,23(2), 27-36. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/19355181200800007 Saunders, P. (2012). Religiosity, citizenship, and attitudes to social policy issues.Australian Journal Of Social Issues,47(3), 335-352. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2012.tb00252.x Turner, H. (2011). Concepts for Effective Facilitation of Open Groups.Social Work With Groups,34(3-4), 246-256. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01609513.2011.558822 Ward, N. (2014). Book review: Donna Baines (ed.) Doing Anti-Oppressive Practice: Social Justice Social WorkBainesDonna (ed.) Doing Anti-Oppressive Practice: Social Justice Social Work, 2nd edition, Halifax, Nova Scotia: Fernwood, 2011. 342 pp. 22.50 (Pbk). ISBN 9781552664100.Critical Social Policy,34(1), 140-142. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018313507523

Research Proposal on Academic Performance Essay Example

Research Proposal on Academic Performance Essay Academic performance is the student’s success achieved during the period of studying at high school, college and university. Much attention has always been paid to academic performance, because parents and teachers believe that the total academic progress and achievements will help students with the process of career making and the process of work itself. It is obvious that there is at least some sense in these words, because really, when a child gets used to treating the educational process with responsibility, he will gain such skills as patience, self-consciousness, the ability to work hard and think critically. Evidently, if a student studies hard, he will be a good employee and will fulfill his duties perfectly well. All in all, the educational process teaches students discipline and the basic qualities which are required at work. On the other hand, academic performance can not guarantee success in future, because there are too many cases and examples from the real life, which prove that bad students with poor academic performance succeed in career making and have better life than the ones who studied well. The percent of such successful students in quite low, but nevertheless, it is possible that students start thinking about their future only after school and college and only due to their creativity and personal qualities manage to succeed in life. However, the majority of the people whose academic performance was poor build prosperous life rarely. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Academic Performance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Academic Performance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Academic Performance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Academic performance is quite an interesting topic for the analysis and there are many methods which can help one measure his performance. When a student has researched the topic well and has got a few original ideas, he can contribute into the development of the problem and prepare a good research paper on it. However, he will have to complete a detailed logical research proposal on the topic to get the permission to write the paper and investigate the problem. A high-quality academic performance research proposal should be interesting, logical, informative and contain only reliable up-to-date data. One should create a logical paper and briefly inform the professor about the research, its predictions, possible results, methodology and value for the discipline. Students often met problems writing their research proposals, became it is quite troublesome to prepare a logical and convincing paper being an inexperienced student. With the help of the Internet one can prepare a good research proposal himself just reading a free example research proposal on academic performance written by the professional. When a student takes advantage of a well-organised free sample research proposal on academic performance in the web, he will learn to format the paper well, make a correct structure and write in the correct persuasive way according to the required standards. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Academic Performance topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Origins of the Red Scare essays

Origins of the Red Scare essays In the first part of his book "American Anti-Communism", M. J. Heale writes "the fraternal egalitarianism of the American republican heritage with its insistence that rights and opportunities were available to all, enabled collectivist doctrines to be repudiated as un-American." What Heale means by this is that the American society was built upon the idea of equality of man, which at the time meant white male landowners. These wealthy landowners would become the middle and upper class of American society. They created their society on the basis of improving their own lives and did not really consider the ideas of those who could not vote, those that did not own land. These upper and middle class members of America became the ones who would later become fearful of the possibility of a revolution. To them, a revolution would undermine their efforts to advance their own lives and stature in society. Since most immigrants were poor and therefore entered the lower working class, any idea, which would elevate these workers to the same level as their employers at the employers' expense, was viewed as a threat. "In the nineteenth century there were men of Anglo-Saxon stock who came to regard the American mission as their particular inheritance and who feared the subversive effects of immigration and the alien political ideas that were thereby introduced." (Heale, p. 127) In the minds of the middle and upper class, the idea of revolution was associated less with liberty and more with the selfish demands of labor. No place was more evident of this than in Chicago in the mid-1800s. Chicago was the fastest growing major American city in the 1800s. This growth not only attracted immigrants, but also European radicals. In 1886, Chicago was the site of major labor tension over an eight-hour workday. On May 1st some 40,000 workers walked off the job and followed Albert P. Parsons through the center of the city. When police violence o...

How to Plan a Game Development Project

How to Plan a Game Development Project One of the most complicated aspects of game development is planning. Some would argue that small indie projects don’t need this step; they simply need to work on the project until it’s done. This is far from true. Initial Planning The design framework laid at the project’s origin will determine the course for the entire project’s development. Its important to remember at this step that nothing is set in stone, but you should attempt to be as accurate as possible. Feature List First, analyze the design document and determine the game’s requirements. Then, split out each requirement into a list of features that will be needed to implement the requirement. Breaking Down the Tasks Take each feature and work with your leads in each area (art, animation, programming, sound, level design, etc) to break it down into tasks for each department (a group or person, depending on the size of your team). Assigning Tasks The lead of each group should then create initial time requirement estimates for each task and assign them to team members. After this is complete, the lead should work with the team to ensure that the estimates are correct and reasonable. Dependencies The project manager then must take all the task estimates and place them into a project management software package, either Microsoft Project or Excel (the two long-time industry standards) or any of the newer choices available for agile project management. Once the tasks are added, the project manager must look at the tasks and match dependencies between teams to ensure that the timing of creating a feature doesn’t have impossible relationships that prevent it from being completed within necessary time frames. For example, to fully implement a racing game, you wouldnt schedule the coding of tire durability before the completion of the physics system. You would have no framework to base the tire code upon. Scheduling This is where things get particularly complicated, but where the need for project management in the first place becomes more apparent. The project manager assigns estimated start and completion dates for each task. In traditional project planning, you end up with a cascading â€Å"waterfall† view, which shows the timeline for completion of the project and the dependencies that link the tasks. Its critical to remember to factor in slippage, employee sick time, unexpected delays on features, etc. This is a time-consuming step, but it will quickly give you an idea of exactly how much time the project will take to complete. What to Do With the Data By looking at this project plan, you can determine if a feature is going to be costly in time (and, therefore, money) and make decisions about whether the feature is necessary for the game to succeed. You might decide that delaying a feature to update- or even a sequel- makes more sense. Also, tracking how long you’ve worked on a feature is useful in determining if its time to either try a new technique to solve the problem or cut the feature for the good of the project. Milestones A frequent use of project planning involves the creation of milestones. Milestones indicate when a certain element of functionality, a time period of working on the project, or a percentage of the tasks has been completed. For internal project tracking, milestones are useful for planning purposes and for giving the team specific goals to aim for. When working with a publisher, milestones frequently determine how and when the developing studio is paid. Final Notes Project planning is regarded by many as a nuisance, but youll almost always find that developers who plan projects well in advance and hit their milestones are the ones who succeed in the long run.

Week four Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week four - Essay Example Nurses are constantly encouraged to seek new knowledge. They also tend to base their practices where patients are concerned about evidence. Nurses also characteristically position themselves to offer direction, information and input concerning decisions that have to do with resource allocation. In hospital environments decisions that are concerned with staffing, salaries, and issues that have to do with the practice environment need to be under the jurisdiction of nurses. This is because in most instances, it is the nurses who use all these resources and facilities on a daily basis and so are more likely to recognize what is required. In addition, medical institutions that esteem diversity are more likely to view the nursing profession with considerable respect. In institutions where nurses are not valued, even though they are responsible for most of the tasks, the nursing staff usually has to labour to create strategic plans that uphold diversity and respect through leadership development (Tagney and Haines, 2009). The perceptions of the significance of nursing as a profession appears to vary across different medical organizations. For example, in medical centers whose aim is to develop cures or vaccines through comprehensive research programmes, nurses tend to feel left out and irrelevant. Moreover, in institutions where all activity is centered around patient care nurses tend to feel empowered, and that ther contributions are

What can be done to improve the college graduation rate Essay - 1

What can be done to improve the college graduation rate - Essay Example There are many colleges and universities that have tried to improve their graduation rates and have succeeded in doing so (Davis, 2010). Graduation rate of any country is a reflection of far more than what may seem. The number of college students graduating from a college shows an insight to its accountability and transparency. The graduation rates show a great deal about the college itself and a low number of graduating students may indicate an unsatisfactory performance by the college or it may point towards something faulty within the organization (Sealey-Morris, 2015). The constant increment in the wage given to the students in order to increase the college graduation rate has been unsuccessful in tackling the situation and the increased amount of students enrolled in college courses are not directly proportional to the amount of students graduating from these colleges. The most probable reason behind this decrease in the degree attainment rate may be due to the inappropriate balance within the student body or alterations within this student body. Other possible reasons behind the decrease in graduation rate is t he increased segregation within the education system of the country and the lack of helpful resources for the students within an organization hence, it can be said that the overcrowded college institutions have a lower rate of graduation. Another important reason behind the decrease in the degree attainment rates may be due to the lack of financial resources available for the students, this is because a large number of students are employed in part time jobs while they are enrolled in college and this is to make up with the tuitions and study costs of their study courses (Bound, Lovenheim & Turner, 2010). The first step that can be ensued in order to increase the graduation rate is to increase the equality among

On the Road by Jack Kerouac Essay Example for Free

On the Road by Jack Kerouac Essay â€Å"On the Road† by Jack Kerouac is largely autobiographical work attributed to the genre of stems of consciousness creation. The novel is based on the author’s spontaneous trips with his friends across mid-century America. The novel is deeply inspired by poetry, jazz and drug experiences. The author has changed many of the names, but most references are claimed to be real-world counterparts. In the five parts and sixteen chapters the author describes restless and crazy journeys of Dean, Sal and his friends across the country. Dean Moriarty plays important role in the novel progression as he symbolizes the changeable nature of human relations and the dark side of society. Nevertheless, he pushes and inspires other to act towards their destinies symbolizing changes and shifts. Dean is certainly negative character, though he has positive impact of Sal – one of the protagonists – as he makes his stronger and more confident. Dean lives in San Francisco, travels across the country. Kerouac defines Dean as â€Å"the perfect guy for the road because he actually was born on the road†. (p. 0) However, he presents Dean as wild and mad character stressing that it is his craziness and energy that affects others to act. Dean drinks a lot, uses drugs and has many women. Moreover, he is a father of four children from two different women. Dean manages to change the life values of Sal. For example, before Sal meets Dean, he had â€Å"just gotten over a serious illness that†¦had something to do with†¦my feeling that everything was dead†. (p. 10) Dean’s character can be defined as embodiment of the whirlwind day and as Sal’s shifts from the East to the West Coast. Dean symbolizes changes acting as mechanism for movement beginning. Dean is zealous and wild personality, though he is captivating as well. Sal says about Dean: â€Å"the only people for me are the mad ones, the ones who are mad to live, mad to talk, mad to be saved, desirous of everything†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . (p. 14-15) Therefore, Dean’s character plays crucial role for Sal’s development as personality, as well as he is the embodiment of passion for life and constant activity.

Jane eyre :: essays research papers

Jane Eyre By Charlotte Brontà « Chapter Summaries Chapter I- We learn that Jane Eyre is an orphan who lives with her cruel aunt Mrs.Reed. A bully John throws a book at Jane Eyre and her suppressed anger from over the years explodes in a rage attacking the bully. Chapter II-Jane gets locked in the red room where Mr.Reeds’ brother died. Chapter III-The last chapter ended with Jane knocked out and she woke up very confused and terrified. Chapter IV-In this chapter Jane finds the courage to stand up to her cruel aunt. Jane exposes her aunt for all the cruelty and injustice she has done to Jane. Bessie then later gives advice to Jane saying she needs to be more bold and stick up for what she believes in. Chapter V-Jane starts her long journey Lowood. Ms.Temple is the only one who wishes Jane farewell. Jane thinks to herself that the fifty mile journey to Lowood seems endless. Chapter VI-In this chapter Jane finally makes to Lowood and at the time it’s a cold, gloomy place. She befriends a young girl named Helen Burns who has went through many things like Jane such as Jane’s Mrs.Reed Helen had her Ms.Scatchered. Chapter VII-Winter worsens and get colder. Jane’s teacher Mrs.Brocklehurst returns after three weeks of absence. Jane also walks to miles to church on Sunday with minimal clothing. Chapter VIII-Helen and Ms.Temple have a discussion about different lands and mountains. Jane growing up with no kind of education in her life is fascinated by all these new things she is learning. Chapter IX-Spring comes to the town of Lowood. Typhus strikes the orphanage witch Jane is out and many children die. Jane also befriends a new girl named Mary Ann Wilson. Janes friend Helen Burns also passes in this chapter as a result of Typhus. Chapter X-In this chapter eight years have passed. Jane finishes school in the six of out the eight years and in the other two Jane stayed at Lowood to be a teacher. Ms.Temple leaves the school to go get married. Chapter XI-Jane acquires a job as a governess and leaves Lowood. She arrives at the Milcote inn where she waits to meet with her new employer Mr.Rochester. Chapter XII-Jane arrives at her new house where she works out thorn fields. She finds it very boring a quite. Mr.Rochester falls off of a horse and she gets kinship from her employer Mr.Rochester. Chapter XIII-Mr.Rochester in this chapter has a very in depth conversation with Mr.

Barriers Of Critical Thinking Essay

Today I will be writing on the three barriers that affect me from becoming a critical thinker and ways that I can overcome these obstacles. 1st Barrier- SELF-CONCEPT- With self-concept I deal with low self esteem and insecurities. I guess because I was in an abusive relationship as a young teenager. The words that would come out of the person’s mouth made me feel worthless. And the patterns that have been repeated in my life over and over until I met my husband always made me feel that what I was doing wasn’t good enough and I’m worthless and no good to no one. To overcome this barrier of critical thinking these are the things I can do to feel better about myself so that I can achieve the things that I know that I’m capable of doing. One is to change how I feel emotionally about myself. To change my emotion requires changing two different core beliefs about my self image. Meaning I will work on how I perceive myself. 2ND Barrier- EMOTIONAL INFLUENCES ( DEPRESSION)- I cannot really establish a time line of when I became overly depressed but I do recognize some of the key factors that play a role in my depression. The lost of my mother because we never had a mother and daughter bond because of her addiction. The fact that she chose drugs over me and my siblings and I was left to raise children at an early age and never had a childhood of my own. Other key factors I don’t wish to discuss out in public and all the unhealthy relationships I’ve had and always feeling worthless. The one conclusion to dealing with the emotional influences affects my critical thinking is to  seek help and talk to a therapist so that I will be able to one day overcome this barrier. 3rd Barrier- STRESS – I believe everyone will have at least a little stress in their life no matter what you do, once you get over one obstacle another arises. So the only thing I can say about overcoming this barrier is that whatever stressful thing that arises in my life I will learn to deal with them head on instead of letting it build up. To keep saying the serenity pray in my head until I believe what it means. And If the situation cannot be changed, such as an illness or the economy, accept it for what it is. Keep reminding myself that accepting does not mean giving up. By accepting the situation and finding ways I can cope with what cannot be changed, stress can be drastically reduced . Learn to relax and look at the big picture. Evaluate my stressful situation from a â€Å"big picture† point of view. Ask myself â€Å"how important is this?† and â€Å"will this matter in the long run?† If the answer is no, it’s likely not worth my time and en ergy.

The Movie Crash

In the movie, Crash, nearly any racism and discrimination you can think of are shown. In all of these the core problems are lack of civil liberties, rights, social justice, and prejudices from people. This movie did a great job of showing what goes on in certain societies. The main races shown as minorities and being treated wrong were African Americans, Hispanics, and Persians/Asians. Civil rights are defined as, â€Å"The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality. † Civil liberties are defined as, â€Å"Guarantees of the safety of persons, opinions, and property from the arbitrary acts of government. Social justices are defined as, â€Å"The application of the concept of justice on a social scale. † Prejudices are defined as, â€Å"An unfavorable opinion or feeling formed beforehand or without knowledge, thought, or reason. † All four of these are heavily shown in Crash. It is unfortunate that these things happen to people, but it is impo rtant to know they do happen and to not treat people like this. African American rights have been a struggle throughout our history, and probably always will be. A major landmark in our process to equality was the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It was an Act in the United States that outlawed some forms of discrimination against African Americans. This act outlawed the segregation of schools, work places, and public areas. It also outlawed unequal voting laws. In the movie, African American discrimination was shown a lot. A scene with car-jacking involving African Americans showed the way that many people view the entire race to behave. There were also scenes with racial profiling and even being ignored at a restaurant. One of the worse scenes showing the discrimination and total loss of equality and rights to all races was a scene where a white police officer pulled over an African American couple for not good reason and proceeded to take full advantage of his situation. He sexually assaulted the woman because he knew they would not report him, seeing that they were a minority. It was really sad to see that the husband had to just watch and couldn’t do anything and I’m sure this sort of thing has really happened before. This is not social justice, and is a lack of both civil rights and liberties. No one should feel like they cannot report a crime because they are the minority in the situation. A real case involving African Americans is Lloyd Gaines, who was denied from a law school in Mississippi because he was black. When taken to Supreme Court, Gaines won the case. This is good news and a step in the right direction. African Americans are discriminated against a lot, as shown in the movie. Hispanics are another group largely discriminated on. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1968 was an Act that did not help our equal rights progress through the years. In the movie, we see problems that occur today in the United States dealing with Hispanics. I think that Hispanics are the group most prejudiced against today. In one scene, a white rich woman is getting her locks changed by a company. When the lock changer showed up, she completely stereotyped him noticing his tattoos and baggy clothing. The women did not trust the work of the Hispanic man and wanted the company to re-do the locks. Another scene shows a women disrespecting her Hispanic housekeeper and treating her with no equality. She is rude to the housekeeper and treats her as a minority. The last scene about Hispanics that stood out to me was the scene where the lock worker showed up to change the Persian man’s shop’s locks. When the Hispanic man nicely tries to explain to the man that the door is broken he immediately things the Hispanic man is cheating him. The Persian man was very rude, and was yelling at the worker. Even though the Persian man is later discriminated on, it is no reason to have such a strong prejudice on a man just trying to do his job. In the movie, I didn’t really see any crimes committed to Hispanic people, I definitely saw social injustice but no specific crimes done to them. I think Hispanic discrimination is still a really big problem today and everyone has so many stereotypes for everyone. The last groups of people shown being discriminated against were the Persians, and Asians. Some history behind these groups was the Chinese Immigration Act if 1885. This Act gave a big tax to all Chinese Immigrants in the United States. Today, I’d like to think there is less discrimination on Asians. In one scene, the Persian shop owner wants to buy a gun. The man selling the gun refuses to sell the Persian man because his English is broken. His daughter talks to the man selling the gun and ends up succeeding and purchasing it. It is illegal to not sell a product to someone because of a prejudice view or racial profile. In the end of the movie, we learn that the Chinese man who was ran over by the African Americans was actually selling people of his own race out of his truck for money. This sort of shows that discrimination and lack equality has gotten so bad that even same-race people are doing whatever they can to survive in this Country. African Americans, Hispanics, Persians, and Chinese are all shown being racially profiled, prejudiced, and treated far from equal. None of this, by law, should be happening. It is impossible to control all people all the time, but I think too much of this is happening everyday. In the United States, certain laws are promised and should be completely followed through. It is sad to see all of this discrimination in the movie, but it is good to know it happens so that we can stop it as much as possible, and make more equality for every citizen, no matter their race. The United States has done many good things to put the Country on the right track towards equality, but still decimation exists, and to every race and minority. The Movie Crash In the movie, Crash, nearly any racism and discrimination you can think of are shown. In all of these the core problems are lack of civil liberties, rights, social justice, and prejudices from people. This movie did a great job of showing what goes on in certain societies. The main races shown as minorities and being treated wrong were African Americans, Hispanics, and Persians/Asians. Civil rights are defined as, â€Å"The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality. † Civil liberties are defined as, â€Å"Guarantees of the safety of persons, opinions, and property from the arbitrary acts of government. Social justices are defined as, â€Å"The application of the concept of justice on a social scale. † Prejudices are defined as, â€Å"An unfavorable opinion or feeling formed beforehand or without knowledge, thought, or reason. † All four of these are heavily shown in Crash. It is unfortunate that these things happen to people, but it is impo rtant to know they do happen and to not treat people like this. African American rights have been a struggle throughout our history, and probably always will be. A major landmark in our process to equality was the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It was an Act in the United States that outlawed some forms of discrimination against African Americans. This act outlawed the segregation of schools, work places, and public areas. It also outlawed unequal voting laws. In the movie, African American discrimination was shown a lot. A scene with car-jacking involving African Americans showed the way that many people view the entire race to behave. There were also scenes with racial profiling and even being ignored at a restaurant. One of the worse scenes showing the discrimination and total loss of equality and rights to all races was a scene where a white police officer pulled over an African American couple for not good reason and proceeded to take full advantage of his situation. He sexually assaulted the woman because he knew they would not report him, seeing that they were a minority. It was really sad to see that the husband had to just watch and couldn’t do anything and I’m sure this sort of thing has really happened before. This is not social justice, and is a lack of both civil rights and liberties. No one should feel like they cannot report a crime because they are the minority in the situation. A real case involving African Americans is Lloyd Gaines, who was denied from a law school in Mississippi because he was black. When taken to Supreme Court, Gaines won the case. This is good news and a step in the right direction. African Americans are discriminated against a lot, as shown in the movie. Hispanics are another group largely discriminated on. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1968 was an Act that did not help our equal rights progress through the years. In the movie, we see problems that occur today in the United States dealing with Hispanics. I think that Hispanics are the group most prejudiced against today. In one scene, a white rich woman is getting her locks changed by a company. When the lock changer showed up, she completely stereotyped him noticing his tattoos and baggy clothing. The women did not trust the work of the Hispanic man and wanted the company to re-do the locks. Another scene shows a women disrespecting her Hispanic housekeeper and treating her with no equality. She is rude to the housekeeper and treats her as a minority. The last scene about Hispanics that stood out to me was the scene where the lock worker showed up to change the Persian man’s shop’s locks. When the Hispanic man nicely tries to explain to the man that the door is broken he immediately things the Hispanic man is cheating him. The Persian man was very rude, and was yelling at the worker. Even though the Persian man is later discriminated on, it is no reason to have such a strong prejudice on a man just trying to do his job. In the movie, I didn’t really see any crimes committed to Hispanic people, I definitely saw social injustice but no specific crimes done to them. I think Hispanic discrimination is still a really big problem today and everyone has so many stereotypes for everyone. The last groups of people shown being discriminated against were the Persians, and Asians. Some history behind these groups was the Chinese Immigration Act if 1885. This Act gave a big tax to all Chinese Immigrants in the United States. Today, I’d like to think there is less discrimination on Asians. In one scene, the Persian shop owner wants to buy a gun. The man selling the gun refuses to sell the Persian man because his English is broken. His daughter talks to the man selling the gun and ends up succeeding and purchasing it. It is illegal to not sell a product to someone because of a prejudice view or racial profile. In the end of the movie, we learn that the Chinese man who was ran over by the African Americans was actually selling people of his own race out of his truck for money. This sort of shows that discrimination and lack equality has gotten so bad that even same-race people are doing whatever they can to survive in this Country. African Americans, Hispanics, Persians, and Chinese are all shown being racially profiled, prejudiced, and treated far from equal. None of this, by law, should be happening. It is impossible to control all people all the time, but I think too much of this is happening everyday. In the United States, certain laws are promised and should be completely followed through. It is sad to see all of this discrimination in the movie, but it is good to know it happens so that we can stop it as much as possible, and make more equality for every citizen, no matter their race. The United States has done many good things to put the Country on the right track towards equality, but still decimation exists, and to every race and minority.

Financial Statements

Financial Statements Financial statements are a source of information for customers, creditors, managers, employees, regulators and other stakeholders of a firm to assess its past and future performance. The quantity of information available from the financial statements can be quite inundating. Financial statement users, therefore, adopt ratio analysis to counter this burden of information overload and get an accurate picture of the firm performance. Analysis of the financial statements of a company reveals important information to its stakeholders thereby leading them to make inferences about its financial condition and attractiveness as an investment. This paper will scrutinize the financial statements of Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB), Pakistans largest private bank by assets and market capitalization. MCB is the only financial institution from Pakistan that is listed on the London Stock Exchange. With its 60 year history, MCB has depicted a tremendous growth record and is listed on all stock exchanges in Pakistan with a significant market capitalization (Muslim Commercial Bank Annual Report, 2005). The financial information of MCB, as extracted from its 2005 annual report, provides an insight into the institution’s operations carried out in the year 2004-2005. To measure a company’s financial health, five categories of ratios1 are normally applied to the financial statements; liquidity, leverage, operating, solvency and profitability. Liquidity ratio measure whether a company has sufficient cash to meet its obligations as they fall due. Leverage ratio detects the impact of using creditor funds whereas operating ratio assesses whether the resources are effectively employed. Solvency attempts to detect financial tolerance of the company to ensure the company is not headed towards financial distress. Profitability ratio is a barometer of the company’s efficiency and success (Cinnamon and Helweg-Larsen 81). The results of the application of ratio analysis to MCB financial statements are shown in the appendix in table 1. The liquidity ratio of the company has improved as compared to the previous year, suring from 1.75 to 1.9. This is due to the improved cash flow generated in the year 2005. The other ratios also depict an uptrend signaling stability and consistency in growth. Profit after taxation for MCB for the financial year 2005 has increased more than 50% comforting all its stakeholders and eliminating any concerns about financial distress. Moreover, the company’s latest listing on the London Stock Exchange should further open the doors for capital injection and aid in the growth of the company. The information excerpted from the annual report is an evidence of the vital signs of the company to its stakeholders. The main stakeholders that closely monitor the business performance of an organization are the creditors, investors, and managers. This is due to the fact that their respective objectives are directly tied to the company’s performance. Creditors particularly pay close attention to the short-term liquidity and long-term solvency of the company (Emery 1998). An improving liquidity ratio for MCB should be very satisfying for its creditors. The magnitude of their conviction about the financial strength of the company is compounded by the fact that all the financial ratios of MCB for the year 2005 show a significant improvement. If the company has reserves to meet its obligations and enjoys a balanced debt-equity ratio, creditors are contented since there are no alarming signals pointing towards insolvency. Investors forecast risk and potential returns through the accounting information from financial statements. They closely watch a company’s earnings record to ascertain the probability of dividends and capital gains that can potentially flow from the company’s stock (Meigs et. al 438). Even though investors have an insatiable appetite for returns, the financial results of MCB for 2005 instill immense optimism in them especially taking into consideration the 20% dividend declared by the company. The consistent uptrend in the profits (refer to graph 1 in appendix) and the increasing earnings per share (EPS) ratio (refer to graph 2 in appendix) support the fact that business strategies are focused on maximizing shareholder value. The primary concern of the managers is to run the company as efficiently and effectively as possible to satisfy the creditors as well as investors in terms of meeting obligatory payments and maximizing shareholder value respectively. Should they fail to satisfy these stakeholders, the company can well be on its way to facing dire consequences, potentially even bankruptcy. Financial statements are a useful source of information for the managers, in that they see the result of their input throughout the year and learn to alter business strategies should the numbers warrant. The managers of MCB have shown a tremendous performance in generating healthy revenue for the business. A declining liquidity ratio should provide an incentive for an appropriate working capital management strategy for the following year. Annual report contains a great deal of information, which when correctly analyzed can provide signs on the direction of the company. For example, it is imperative to check if there is information on any missed payments, dividends in arrears or if the company has earmarked reserves for any significant commitments or loss contingencies. This information is vital for the investors and creditors as it can have a significant impact on the stock price and credit rating of the company. A thorough scrutiny of the annual report uncovers information on how the various risks (credit, interest rate, operational) are being managed and risk concentrations avoided. Financial statements of a company provide essential guidance to the investors and creditors leading them to make rational and informed decisions.

The White Power - Smart Custom Writing Samples

The White Power - Smart Custom Writing Life eventKatrina was a hurricane in New Orleans that impacted many people. It was the costliest and one of the five deadliest hurricanes to ever strike the United States.   Its effects were long lasting, more than 80% of New Orleans was flooded, and the flooding and the hurricane winds caused major damages all over. Oil refining in the area was closed due to the damage and this impacted on the oil prices globally. Over 90% of the residents of Louisiana were evacuated which was seen as one of the most successful evacuation of an urbanized area. Nevertheless, many still remained especially the poor and the elderly. The famous Louisiana Superdome used as the home for those who were left behind in the city. Those who remained in their homes were forced to swim for their lives, or remain trapped in rooftops or other high places. Although, the disaster caused major impacts for a large portion of the population, politics and economy of the United States as a whole, to some peoples this is a lifetime event. The damage and loss of life caused by this massive hurricane in Louisiana and Mississippi were overwhelming; with considerable effects being felt as far as the Florida panhandle, Georgia, and Alabama. Considering the extent of its impacts, Katrina was one of the most destructive natural disasters in United States history. What occurred during this period lingers in their mind till date and may haunt them till death. Katrina effects cuts across all generations, it had severe effects on the young, adults and the elderly in the society. As a result of this its effects will remain to be felt for a long time. The total number of people affected either directly or indirectly by Katrina was one thousand eight hundred and thirty three. However those who were directly involved were approximately one thousand five hundred across the four states that is Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida, Georgia, and Alabama, with Louisiana recording the highest and Alabama the least.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Douglas wife, daughter and in-laws lived in the New Orleans area and all lost their lives in the hurricane.   Douglas a middle aged man was faced with a difficult time having lost his wife, daughter and relatives. Tony, a 17 year old male and Melissa a 72 year old granny were all interviewed about how the storm impacted those focusing on their thoughts, perspectives, behavior, reaction and lessons learned.   The hypothesis used by the researcher was: The hurricane will be more disturbing to the older person than the younger interviewee’s based upon a greater fear of death? The researcher found out that the hurricane was disturbing to all those interviewed. However the hurricane was indeed more disturbing to the old, this can be attributed to the fact that they knew a lot of people who were directly or indirectly involved than the younger ones did. Though all the interviewed had fear over death, the older interviewee showed that she coped up with the death of loved ones than the younger interviewees. Interview How did you deal with the potential of dying during the hurricane?   Douglas a 54 year old man says that the potential of being killed by the hurricane still lingers in his mind as if the disaster happened yesterday. According to him he escaped narrowly simply because he could swim in the flooded area. Though he survived he says he would like to forget the experience that claimed the lives of his loved ones. He is however, happy that he survived the disaster that claimed the lives of many. He says he thank his God for saving him during the incident, â€Å"I pray every day and night and thank my creator that though I lost my loved ones I am alive and health. Many people were crippled by I can walk and do my work comfortably, so I give much praises to the Most High.†Ã‚  Ã‚   Tony a 17 year old man says that the hurricane has made him wiser; according to him most of those who died did not adhere to the evacuation calls. This disaster has taught him a lesson in life that life is more important that the worldly thing. He agrees that the disaster traumatized him and to deal with it he had been going for counseling classes to help him cope with what happened. Above all he says believing in God and asking for comfort from above is the most healing moment. Melissa a 72 year old granny shares her experience in dealing with the potential of losing her life in the hurricane. She says that together with a group of other old people they share their experiences of the time and they get a reason to celebrate that they are still alive. She has since then joined several groups in her region in helping others deal with the potential of losing their lives in so doing she is in position to feel relieved and gets a reason to celebrate life.   What did you think of the hurricane? Melissa says that she thinks that the hurricane was very unfair to them; she argues that it claimed the lives of many innocent people. She prays that such a hurricane never strikes again as it is very destructive and leaves permanent scars. However, according to her it was an act of God and she says that we should not question God for what he has done but pray him for guidance and comfort through difficult time. Douglas on his side thinks that the hurricane is caused by human destruction on nature. He says that they are to blame for such incidents, because of the prevalent global warming and climatic changes. According to him God created the earth and He does not interfere with nature but mankind interferes with it leading to the occurrence of natural disasters. He also says that the hurricane reminds him of unpreparedness to tackle disaster when they strike. He argues that if there was proper disaster management plans more lives could have been saved. Tony says that although he believes in God and that such incident was an act of God. He strongly believes that mankind is to blame not only for that incident but for other disasters in other areas. He says that we people have polluted the earth and that’s the reason why people will continue suffering. He says that the young generations are likely to face more hurricanes that might be more devastating. â€Å"I believe that we will have a harder time than our fore fathers, but our children will have even more devastating life if the trend does not change. What emotions did you feel? Starting his remembrance of the last days of August, 2005, Douglas says, "The story I want to tell today is about my family." Speaking of his wife, daughter and mother-in-law, Douglas says, "The three women in my family have steered my life for the past 59 years, to the man that I am today."Prior to Hurricane Katrina made landfall, the family retreated to Douglas’s mother-in law's house, as they had for many storms. But a look out into the bay behind the house convinced Douglas that the water would rise too high. As he tried to warn his family about the danger, the roof collapsed. Douglas's wife, Linda Allen , 57, and daughter, Donna 35, died, as did Linda's mother, Nadine, 79, and her husband, Edward Gifford, 79. Douglas says that he sheds tears every time he remembers the incident that claimed the lives of his family. Tony, 17, evacuated their home in St. Bernard Parish just before it was reported that the levees had broken. Tony remembers that their home was flooded and then caught fire that had started next door. When Katrina hit his father was 75 and stayed at home, he suffered a heart attack immediately and was airlifted to hospital. Tony and the rest of the family moved to stay with their elder sister in Alabama. Tony vows he will never leave his new home he fears that the disaster would strike again and that going back will make him live in fear.   Melissa a 72 year old granny says she spent more than week in the Superdome. The Superdome was meant to be a refuge, a temporary shelter before those trapped in New Orleans could be evacuated. However rather than resisting the storm, Melissa says, "The roof literally looked like an eggshell. It started to peel. And you could hear the wind." The floodwaters rose all around the Superdome, basically trapping those who wanted shelter there. But, Melissa says, "The people never stopped coming in." Melissa says, "All I wanted to do was let you know I wasn't dead, I was alive." "The whole thing felt like a really bad dream," Melissa says. "I remember just feeling like I just reached the end of my life," Melisa recalls. When she was finally evacuated "That was the happiest day of my life," Melissa says. How did your behavior change? Melissa says that since Katrina hit her life has changed completely she has now got the courage to face the odds in life. â€Å"Life is not always about wining and dining it has its ups and downs, I am now usually ready for anything that may come along†. Melisa says. She further says that she has learned to thank the Almighty each day she wakes up. She has also give much of her life in serving the needy and contributing for charities. Tony on his part says that he creates awareness among his peers on the need for change to cope up with the current climatic change. Since then he has also enrolled for a course in disaster management. He says that he would give his life serving others and helping prevent such occurrences where possible. On his part Douglas says that his behavior has changed on the way he valued material things. He says that accumulating earthly wealth is not a toll order in his life any more; to him there is more to life. Analysis A life event such as the one discussed, causes major implication in the lives of many people irrespective of their age. Various intergenerational theory help understand how a life event impacts on their reactions, perspectives, attitude and behavior. According to Cassel (2001), one such theory is disengagement whereby the older person disengages from the society and the society disengages from the person. In our situation the older individual does not fully disengage from the society but does not seem focused on any long term plans. However, the young individual lays blame on the older generation (Cassel, 2001). The other theory is on successful aging and life-span models are moves towards to living and developing for older adults that is empowering and reflect the facts of growing older and not the myths of aging. Life span models of development are a way for older individuals to reflect on the past and look positively toward the future. Feminism has informed us as to the oppressive nature of dominant society and its ageism. On the other hand, theories of successful aging highlight the strengths of growing older, ways to maximize personal health, and benefits of an intergenerational approach.   Fry   (1992), argues that other dominant theories on aging included continuity and activity theories, Activity theory was grounded in a longitudinal study done in Kansas by Robert in which 300 people were interviewed over a six-year period. Activity theory maintains that in order for an individual to successfully age they need to remain as active as possible in middle-age activities. When roles are lost through widowhood or retirement, activity theory would suggest that substitution and adaptation of new roles would be imperative to a successful aging process. Another applicable theory, continuity theory, suggests that a well-integrated personality is the key to successfully ageing. Continuity theory contends that our personalities and core values intensify with age. In other words, a person’s satisfaction with ageing will depend on how well they continue to entertain personality traits and values rather than changing their lifestyles to match the norms prescribed by society. There is still much about older individuals that is assumed and generalized by society (Lynott,   Lynott, 1996). For example, myths such as declines in mental capacity after middle age and the inability of older persons to work effectively have contributed to the way we perceive and treat older populations. Ageism, like sexism or racism, has hindered our society and our fastest growing population. Conclusion From the above interview it is evident that similar life event causes different attitudes, perspectives, behavior and reaction of the different individuals. Various intergenerational theories have been used to explain or rather to understand human behavior. It has been noted that every generation reacts differently to the impacts of live events. According to some theories the older individual tends to disengage from the society and the society also disengages from them (Schroots, 1996). However, other theories suggest that the life span models of development are a way for older individuals to reflect on the past and look positively toward the future. References Cassel, C. (2001). Successful aging: How increased life expectancy and medical advances are changing geriatric care. Geriatrics, vol. 56, (1), pp. 35-46. Fry, P. (1992). Major social theories of aging and their implications for counseling concepts and practice: A critical review. The Counseling Psychologist, vol. 20, (1), pp. 246-329. Lynott, R. Lynott, P. (1996). Tracing the course of theoretical development in the sociology of aging. The Gerontologist, vol. 36, (2), pp. 749-760. Schroots, J. (1996). Theoretical developments in the psychology of aging. The Gerontologist,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   vol. 36, (1), pp. 742-748.

DRAMA ; Play review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

DRAMA ; Play - Movie Review Example There are flower vases in the room, a few paintings on the wall and a beautiful rag on the floor. Reverend Al Sharpton playing himself will wear a white color and an all black suit. Letty Cottin as herself is in an ordinary skirt and blouse attire depicting a modern day American lady. The attire is not Jewish in any way but depicts self preservation. Many audiences view Carmel Cato as a victim. Cato’s costume is but the music in the background angry and the lighting dull and gloomy. Joe Mantegna will play Camel Cato because I think he can express pain with persuasion (Smith 33). The play will derive its theme from the second section where Aaron M. Bernstein distortion both in literature and science in view of the mirror effect. Bernstein’s costume is one of a typical American professor. The costume will encompass a mismatched suit, graying hair, and spectacles for emphasis. Jesse Merz will play Bernstein because of his theatre background and natural ability to act like a learned person. The characters will perform at the center of the stage, surrounded by three mirrors. As the characters frustration and anger rises, the mirrors should close in making them seem restricted. As for lighting, darkness with little illumination on the face will portray frustration, red with shades of green will portray anger, and a hue of grey and beige will portray indifference (Smith 67). Characters that are at peace with themselves and the situation they live in will be under blue and lavender lighting. The mirrors in these scenes will close in slowly with no sound. For angry characters, the mirrors will close in with a lot of angry, loud sounds in the background. For the character Rivkah Siegal, there will be irony of classical white music playing in the background as she talks about how unreal she feels when she wears wigs. Setting the play in an abandoned building creates a sense of timelessness. It also gives the

Cognitive Problems of Bilingual Speakers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cognitive Problems of Bilingual Speakers - Essay Example Aphasic in bilinguals is a complex problem influenced by internal and external factors such as localization, "switch" interaction, suppression of a native language and a specific role of the right hemisphere of the brain. Questions specific to bilingual aphasia are added to those stemming from aphasia in general, such as whether aphasia is a general cognitive deficit or a language-specific impairment; whether it is a unitary phenomenon or admits of multiple syndromes; whether it is a deficit of competence or performance; and whether modality-specific deficits are aphasic symptoms. Theoretical positions on these issues will have consequences for hypotheses about bilingual aphasia and/or the representation of two languages in one brain. Some authors, for example, argue that patients are not aphasic unless their competence is impaired. Competence is considered not to be impaired when a deficit is not equally manifested in all modalities or when a patient undergoes spontaneous recovery. Moreover, because it is assumed that competence is common to both languages, if a bilingual is agrammatic for some aspect of the grammar in one of his languages, it is predicted that she or he will be agrammatic for those same components of the grammar in the other language ( Scholes, 1984). Thus, what recovers spontaneously in unilinguals and bilinguals as well as what is differentially deficient in bilinguals is not considered a result of impaired competence but of loss of access through some defective performance mechanism. Such a position therefore holds that any bilingual patient exhibiting nonparallel recovery is not aphasic. The unstated assumption behind the argument is the role of primary education and background of a person. Whether or not teachers call students aphasic who have lost the use of one of their languages or who have differential postmorbid proficiency in each language, it is of interest to the neuropsychology of language in general and of bilingualism in parti cular to examine whether nonparallel deficits do indeed occur, and if so, to investigate the mechanisms responsible for differential, successive, selective, antagonistic, and mixed recoveries. The article is well-structured and is based on substantial research and data analysis. A researcher gives a special attention to the systemic-dynamic approach and their age, proficiency and motivation among students. The researcher uses inductive reasoning using specific examples and data. The arguments and claims are well-supported and explained. The researcher underlines that there is no a priori reason to reject the possibility that each language might be subserved by its own competence, namely, that each grammar might be separately stored and/or processed. There is indeed no clinical evidence that there is only one underlying neurolinguistic competence for both languages, that is to say, one common neural substrate for language, undifferentiated as to specific language. If it can be shown that specific alterations in competence occur in one language and not in the other, then it is not unreasonable to assume that each language is subserved by different neurofunctional substrates. Further systematic investigations, based on large numbers of successive unselected cases and

Government corruption in Africa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Government corruption in Africa - Research Paper Example The paper tells that corruption exist s in all parts of the globe, in evolving and also in developed countries. In latest years, there has been a significant rise in the devotion given to corruption. This has been triggered by a number of reasons. The first one is due to the rise in criminal cases related to corruption in industrialized countries. The second reason is due to an increase in awareness of the expenses of corruption all over the world. Thirdly is in line for the political and also the economic alterations which most nations are experiencing. Corruption in Africa is a growth impediment. African nations are not able to tolerate the price of corruption that hinders growth and also reduces the capability of government to diminish poverty. Corruption therefore has become a core enemy of economy and development in most of African countries. Corruption has spread like storm all over post-independence Africa for more than 4 decades. There is absolutely no country all over the co ntinent that has not been affected by this disease. They are either affected to a greater or lesser degree by the corruption virus. Since political independence, the foul of gross mismanagement of national economies and raiding of national treasuries for deposit in European and also offshore bank accounts became the tendency in most countries of Africa. In October 2006, the head of the World Bank disclosed that Nigeria executives had stolen an amount of more than 300 billion dollars of their nation’s wealth over the last forty years. But the issue is not just limited to a few bad apples through. Corruption is not just pervasive but also a key part of the social material of life. For those at the lower and end part of the society, like humble civil servant, the sale of limited power they possess is practically their only means of survival. Higher up force is one of the major ways of enrichment.

Management Research Project and Presentation

Management Research Project and Presentation The British Red Cross is a charity registered in the UK. It is the UK member of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (the Federation), an humanitarian Movement that currently encompasses 186 territories across the world and around 97 million staff, supporters and volunteers. The British Red Cross employs 2,755 members of staff and 27,349 volunteers, and income in 2008 amounted to  £243,548,000. The 2006 Intangible Business report (2006) placed the organisation as the fifth most powerful charity brand in the UK, with its brand value topping  £108,000,000; along with an income that year of  £201,900,000. The British Red Cross places strong emphasis on its differentiation from other charities and non-governmental organisations; in particular its absolute commitment to neutrality, impartiality and independence, coupled with its emphasis on individual and community resilience. These give the brand a competitive advantage above others in the sector. The first aid services business unit (the department in question for this marketing plan) forms part of the income from generating fund (trading) work stream, and is concerned with teaching first aid and selling first aid products. The first aid services departments customer base is non-commercial groups, such as schools, clubs, societies, other charities and support organisations. 1.2 Research Problem The focus of the organisation as a whole is on the creation of a society in which all are empowered to prepare for, withstand and recover from emergencies on whatever scale they occur from dealing with a cut finger to managing a major disaster. The organisation has realised that service levels should be improved and enhance the charity activities. The British Red Cross already works closely with primary schools teachers, and has developed a first aid learning resource for secondary schools  [1]  . A similarly differentiated kit that can be used in primary schools would fill the gap identified above, as well as generating income for the organisation, reinforcing its position as a leader in first aid learning  [2]  , and fulfilling corporate objectives. This strategic plan is designed to introduce a new product (the primary first aid learning kit) to an existing market (primary school teachers). The plan includes a marketing audit and examines the current internal situation at the British Red Cross in addition to analysing the external environment in order to devise objectives, strategies, tactics and implementation targets. A SOSTAC model has been used to give a structural basis to the marketing activity. 1.3 Research Objectives To find that when an emergency strikes, they will respond. How should make people and communities more resilient by helping them prepare for and withstand disasters. How to help vulnerable people recover from health or social crises, and live with dignity and independence in their homes. How to increase the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movements impact on the lives of the most vulnerable. How to make volunteering for us the best experience money cant buy. Make sure key people and groups know what we do and why and how they can help. Method to ensure those who use our services, and who support us in other ways, trust us and have confidence in how we work. How to maximise our net income as cost-effectively as possible. Above research objectives based on the corporate objectives. These objectives can specifically mention as follows; To increase informal first aid learning by 10% in the next 3 years. This relates to research objective 2. To increase the number of first aid products sold by 10% in the next 3 years. This relates to research objectives 2 and 8. To increase knowledge and awareness of British Red Cross key first aid products and services by 20% in the next 3 years within 2 priority groups: teachers and parents. This relates to research objectives 2 and 6. 1.4 The importance of marketing research Methodology Proper marketing research is key to an organisations ability successfully launch a new product into an existing market, and in doing so to increase profit and brand equity. Within a charity context, the need to generate funds to be used to help others is a major part of the organisations activities and this aim simply cannot be realised without effective and efficient research in place. Effective marketing research can also boost the chances of bring about real social good, and making positive changes to beneficiaries lives. A well-structured research that makes use of relevant models and takes account of both internal and external factors ensures clarity and a systematic approach. Marketing research uncovers niches in the market which can be filled, highlights gaps in funding and provision and drives the organisation towards the fulfilment of its goals. The first stage of the marketing research process is to establish where the organisation is at the present time, to act as a baseline for comparisons and something on which the marketing research can build. At the heart of this situation analysis is the identification of critical success factors and distinctive competencies, which are the distilled learning from examination of the organisations strength and weaknesses, and the opportunities and threats it faces  [3]  . Using these key pieces of information, the marketer can allocate resources to ensure that wherever possible strengths are boosted, weaknesses overcome, opportunities are taken and threats neutralised. A key part of the marketing research process is identifying customer needs and wants, and profitable ways of satisfying them. Without this information, the organisation is left creating products and services about which it has no idea of demand. Part of gathering this type of data is competitor analysis, which can provide valuable insights into the market as well as flagging up potential areas of overlap and areas which would not prove profitable. Effective marketing research also combats wastage through efficient use of resources. Using models such as the Value Chain Analysis highlights areas where savings can be made and processes tightened in order to maximise value and deliver a larger profit margin. In the example of the British Red Cross, use of the Value Chain Analysis showed that the margin could be increased by improving the efficiency of inbound logistics  [4]  . Wastage can also be combated through the examination of potential changes to internal and external environments, and building proactive mitigating factors to negative change and ways to take advantage of positive change into the plan is key. It is necessary to conduct survey to collect all information. They can use questionnaire in print format as well as in e-format (online questionnaire). Through the existing welfare societies can distribute the questionnaire. Then should collect and properly analyse the entire research findings. Also company can conduct other primary research methods such as in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. In this report analysis I have taken most of the secondary sources. 1.5 Literature Review A marketing research is a starting point from which the organisation can begin to look forward, fill gaps and plan activities. In the words of Dibb et al (2005): A marketing audit is a systematic examination of the marketing functions objectives, strategies, programmes, organisation and performance. Without this methodically obtained baseline, the organisation has no way of evaluating either where it has come from or where it is going. Factors affecting the organisation must be identified, potential changes considered and prepared for, and the reliability and validity of information should be rigorously interrogated. This requires considerable research on the part of the marketing team, and is of vital importance. Situation analysis should form a regular part of a marketing departments work in order for it to adapt to both internal and external changes in the environment. 1.5.1 Internal factors The organisation has control over its internal environment, and as such it is important to examine internal factors closely. Data must be gathered, both current and historical, as well as think pieces examining future plans. Reliability of information should also be considered minutes of meetings may not always be accurate and staff and volunteers may not always be scrupulously honest in workforce surveys. In addition, some data may not be available, either due to confidentiality, poor record keeping or lack of budget. Organisational strengths and weaknesses should be taken into account, and potential internal changes considered. 1.5.2 7Ps and 7Ss Booms and Bitners 7P and McKinseys 7S models have been employed to identify and analyse the internal factors affecting the British Red Cross  [5]  . Both models are key tools in the marketing analysis. Used correctly and in conjunction with the external analyses, the information they uncover forms the basis on which the entire marketing plan rests. By examining the strengths and weaknesses of each P and each S, the marketing team can evaluate the organisation, taking a snapshot of the current situation which will allow for planning to increase positive aspects and reduce negatives. It also enables the marketing team to consider the perspectives of the organisations stakeholders, all of whom are key to success. Both the 7P and 7S models are key tools in the marketing analysis which, when used correctly, uncover information that forms the basis for building a sound marketing plan. For example, in the case of the British Red Cross these models identified the strengths of the organis ations positive brand association, which will play a key role in the positioning of the first aid education kit, but also highlighted a weakness of product differentiation, which the kit will go some way towards addressing. 1.5.3 BCG matrix As a large organisation the British Red Cross undertakes many different activities and provides hundreds of products and services. The products and services from the first aid services strategic business unit have particular potential to affect the activity surrounding the primary first aid marketing kit, and it is important to map each of these in order to generate future strategy. To do this, and to examine the potential placement of the kit within the context of the strategic business unit, the Boston Consultancy Groups portfolio analysis matrix was employed  [6]  . This identified that the majority of the units output are cash cows, and the minority are dogs, highlighting that good levels of profit are coming in and resource investment is fairly low. The matrix suggests that resource capacity from the cash cows can be used to grow the kit from a question mark to a star. The matrix has also shown up areas of the units work of which it would seem prudent to divest itself in ord er to reinvest resources. 1.5.4 PLC Along with the BCG matrix, the product life cycle is also extremely useful tool in indicating to the marketing team the level of resourcing a product requires now, and the likely stages it will go through if a good marketing plan is well executed  [7]  . This model identifies the products growth stage, with each stage requiring different levels of resource investment and different activity. As the kit is currently in research and development it requires great investment of time and money and cannot yet make a profit. 1.5.5 Value chain analysis Porters value chain analysis examines the primary and secondary activities undertaken by the organisation  [8]  . The model demands a thorough interrogation of the organisations work, which is split into activities which can directly affect income (primary) and activities which support income affecting activities (secondary). By undertaking this process, the marketing team can identify areas where value to can be added and a competitive advantage created in order to maximise profit. In the case of the British Red Cross, there is already a good level of value within the system, but some activities were identified which could benefit from modification. 1.5.6 Distinctive competencies The distinctive competencies of an organisation are derived from close investigation into its internal environment and the strengths and weaknesses therein. The competencies identify the core skills and superior qualities of the organisation which differentiate it and can confer competitive advantage. They are the culmination of the internal situation analysis and identify priority areas which can be leveraged to gain success. In the case of the British Red Cross, 3 distinctive competencies were identified, and played an important part in informing the marketing plan  [9]  . Internal change is slow within such a large organisation and so it is unlikely that the competencies will change dramatically within the life of the marketing plan. The reason for this is in part due to the organisational culture and ways of working and in part due to the immutable founding principles of the organisation. For example, unless a catastrophic event occurs to the organisation and the comprehensive crisis management plan is not implemented, it is unlikely that the positive brand equity could be destroyed within the timeframe of the marketing plan. In addition, the organisation employs a brand management department which works solely to enhance and protect the organisations position. Written into the organisations five year strategy is are objectives concerning emergency response and first aid, which guarantee investment and highlight the importance placed on these areas. Again, it is highly unlikely that the organisation will change these priorities and nullify this disti nctive competency. As regards the need to further differentiate products and services, such a large and slow-moving organisation as the British Red Cross will take time to do this, and the activities outlined in the marketing should go some way to achieving this goal. 1.5.7 External factors In addition to the internal environment, over which the organisation has control, there are two external environments, the micro and the macro. Data must be collected for both of these environments, and examined as closely as that from inside the organisation. Articles in the media, competitor reports and accounts, conversations with counterparts, and political details should be studied, as well as social and cultural practices within the products target market. Again, the validity of data should be closely questioned, as an element of bias is likely to appear in most media and political reports, and competitors and counterparts will always attempt to show their own organisation in a positive light. Research into and analysis of the external environment also enables the marketing team to consider their organisation from the perspective of a customer, competitor or supplier. In order to be fully informed about the total environment into which the primary first aid learning kit is to b e launched, it is vital that as many issues which may affect it as possible are known, so that positive action can be taken and pitfalls avoided. The micro-environment The micro-environment consists of external factors which are fairly close to the organisation, and which it may be able to influence in some way. By using a SPICC analysis  [10]  to consider those groups who are closest to the organisation, the marketing team can plan ways in which to positively affect them. Porters five forces analysis  [11]  is another useful model and considers risk from the external environment in order to prompt thinking on mitigating loss and maximising gain to the organisation. The macro-environment The macro-environment is much less close and it is far less possible for the organisation to effect changes in this area. Nevertheless, it is still extremely important for the organisation to be aware of features which may impact on its profitability, brand and its ability to meet its objectives. Special consideration should be given to factors that are most likely to bring about change and those which would have the largest impact on the organisation. The PESTEL model enables a high level analysis into this environment, and gives insight in the decline or growth of a particular market and the position of competitors, as well as suggesting avenues for exploration  [12]  . 1.5.8 Critical Success Factors In identifying and interrogating the opportunities and threats uncovered by the micro and macro environment, the marketing team can identify the organisations critical success factors those features which are essential to ensuring the organisation succeeds in its endeavours. Along with the distinctive competencies, these factors require the greatest attention from the organisation if it is to flourish. In the case of the British Red Cross, 3 critical success factors were identified, and these play a key role in the marketing plan  [13]  . Task Two 2.1 Organisational Objectives Over 120,000 people undertake a first aid training course with the British Red Cross each year, but to really begin to embed community resilience, we need to increase the number of people accessing first aid learning through more informal means (learning tips online, using a learning kit at school, etc.). With the current economic downturn it is important to diversify income streams, to mitigate against a reduction in donations from individuals. An increase of 10% in first aid product sales would result in further funds for the organisation to put back into its charitable activities, as well as increasing the resilience capability of the general public. It would also assist in meeting the target of a 10% increase in income from the overall trading stream. As shown above, in 2009 only 50% of the general public felt the British Red Cross products and services stood out clearly. To build resilience, we need to make sure our offers are differentiated. Teachers and parents are key audiences in the community, and by increasing their knowledge of what we offer, we can gain access to children and young people the life-savers of tomorrow. 2.2 Marketing strategy 2.2.1 Growth strategy Ansoffs matrix  [14]  provides a framework for identifying the most appropriate growth strategy in order to fulfil the functional marketing objectives and reach the sales objective. Applying the matrix, having examined the planning gap analysis and objectives, showed that a product development growth strategy is most appropriate to use in this situation. This supports the posited idea to launch a primary first aid learning kit. Gaps in the first aid services portfolio have been identified, and the British Red Cross already has a strong brand and a good reputation in this field both in terms of quality and value, and in terms of expertise  [15]  . The British Red Cross already has good links with teachers in primary schools, following years of first aid education training, and this knowledge and contact data will optimise success. The existing market for first aid products and services is still viable (which rules out a market development strategy), as one of the distinctive competencies discussed above highlighted that British Red Cross products and services are not yet fully differentiated, and situation analysis research showed that general public awareness of products and services was only 50%. A product development strategy is also of only medium risk as an organisation the British Red Cross does not undertake high risk growth strategies, and prefers to build on accrued knowledge and experience in known markets, as it will be able to do with the primary first aid learning kit. A diversification strategy would be too high risk for the organisation, and a market penetration strategy for the new kit would not be possible. 2.2.2 Competitive strategy In order to support the growth strategy, a method of maintaining competitive edge is needed, and this has been determined using Porters generic strategies model. Having examined the factors discussed above and in the appendices, the most appropriate competitive strategy for this situation is a focus or market segmentation strategy. As a charity, the British Red Cross finds it difficult to compete on cost, and as it is not a hugely fast-moving organisation it cannot regularly innovate. Many of its products and services are designed for very specific audiences and are generally of a specialised nature. There is some competition in the first aid services market, but the number of competitors is low and there are identified gaps in the market one of which is the primary first aid learning kit  [16]  . 2.2.3 Segmentation, target and positioning Within the British Red Cross first aid services strategic business unit are a large number of products and services  [17]  . However, this marketing plan is concerned only with the launch of a new primary first aid learning kit, and as such the segmentation, targeting and positioning data will apply only to the kit. Segmentation Geographical segmentation: UK Chosen because the primary first aid learning kit is designed to work with the national curricula across the UK. This segment cannot be reduced further as the aim is to reach as many children as possible, regardless of their location. Demographical segmentation: Male and female adults who regularly work with groups of young people aged 5 11 years old and who have access to physical learning spaces (schools, village halls, scout huts, etc.) and available funds in excess of  £500 per year. These were chosen as customers will already be working with young people those not working in this field will have no interest in the product. The customers will need space to work in when using the kit, and will be aware of this before they buy. They will need a budget in excess of  £500, as although the kit is will cost significantly less than this, it is unlikely that those on smaller budgets will feel able to spend money on anything other than very basic materials which this kit is not. These segmentation criteria suggest the following segments to target: primary school teachers, youth group leaders, parents of large families. Target Teachers will be the prime segment which British Red Cross first aid services will target. This is for the following reasons: The British Red Cross has a good strategic fit with schools and teachers, as both are concerned with education and positive behaviours. There are many ways to reach teachers, both at school and externally. It is likely to become law for first aid to be taught in schools, which will boost teachers interest in the kit and drive sales. The primary first aid learning kit will be designed to work with school curricula, which will also increase teachers interest. Teachers have budget available to buy specific learning materials, especially those which form part of the national curricula. The British Red Cross first aid services team already have good links with primary school teachers. Parents of large families were discounted, as they operate in a far more informal way than the kit requires its a formal learning tool. Youth group leaders were discounted as they are more difficult to reach, are likely to have less disposable budget, and the British Red Cross has fewer links with them. The types of schools at which the teachers teach have not been discussed, as although public and private schools are likely to have more disposable income, they are not affected by national curricula requirements so are no more or less likely to buy it than state schools. Although state schools have less money they must follow the requirements of the national curricula. This money/curricula equation therefore cancels out any potential advantages of choosing one type of school teacher over another. According to the latest available data from the Department of Children, Schools and Families (2002), there are around 207,460 primary school teachers in the UK, working at 22,000 primary schools. Positioning Teachers of children aged 5 11 years old are typically very busy, have minimal time to research new products and services, are extremely aware of price, quality and accuracy, want to use materials which give their pupils the best chance of success, want to fulfil their obligations under the national curricula, and place high value on organisations which behave responsibly and make their lives easier. This suggests that the primary first aid kit must be positioned as excellent value for money and created by an expert, trustworthy organisation. It must be shown to be a high quality product thats easy to get hold of, easy to use and gives pupils a solid, accurate, practical and engaging insight in the material. The services surrounding the kit must be also be positioned as easy, quick and trustworthy. The design of the materials should echo these points. The kit will sit within the branded quality product category it is brand new and unique, good value for money and, due to its niche market, will only be available through a few sales outlets (by phone, online or mail order, due to the unique way the British Red Cross is permitted to sell its materials  [18]  ). This fits with the focus competitive strategy discussed above. 2.3 Marketing Mix 2.3.1 Product The primary first aid learning kit is a predominantly tangible entity, surrounded by layers of intangible services. The core product is the tangible first aid learning kit, which fulfils teachers need to educate their pupils in first aid. The second product, or first value added layer, consists of the products design and packaging (which will encourage sales by being clear, simple, professional and practical), its clearly signposted curriculum links (which will show customers exactly how the product will benefit them and their pupils), the British Red Cross brand with which its associated (which is well known and trusted), the multimedia taster materials available in advance of purchase (which, again, will highlight the positive aspects of the kit whilst at the same time engendering goodwill for providing some free materials), the quick and easy ways to buy the kit (which will make it easier for the customers to buy it, as we know how time-pressed they are), and the quick and easy de livery promises (which, again, will encourage customers who have not had much chance to order materials far in advance). The aim of all this is to add value to the core product and drive sales. 2.3.2 Price The pricing strategy of the primary first aid learning kit will is linked to the value which customers place on the satisfaction of their need to teach first aid to 5 11 year olds. This means an examination of the highest value the customer would pay and the lowest cost the British Red Cross can sell it for is necessary. 2.3.3 Place The British Red Cross model of distribution is direct it does not use intermediaries such as wholesalers or retailers. This is positive in that it allows for a high level of control, good customer relationship management, the brand is protected and low marginal cost. Inversely, this model has high set-up costs, its a time-consuming process, market reach is limited, brand equity cant be increased through piggybacking and costs cannot be passed on to intermediaries. 2.3.4 Promotion Using the DRIP  [19]  analysis, the objectives for the primary first aid learning kit during each stage of the product life cycle, and the percentage of resources allocated are as follows: Introduction stage Growth stage Maturity stage Decline stage Differentiation Secondary objective (35% of resources) Secondary objective (30% of resources) Tertiary objective (15% of resources) Tertiary objective (8% of resources) Reinforcement Quaternary objective (5% of resources) Quaternary objective (5% of resources) Secondary objective (20% of resources) Secondary objective (10% of resources) Informing Main objective (50% of resources) Tertiary objective (25 % of resources) Quaternary objective (10% of resources) Quaternary objective (2% of resources) Persuading Tertiary objective (10% of resources) Main objective (40% of resources) Main objective (55% of resources) Main objective (80% of resources) 2.3.5 Extended marketing mix The extended marketing mix of people, process and physical evidence can be used to overcome the limitations of the kit (particularly those associated with its service layers), as well as the first 4 Ps discussed above. The limitations in question are: Intangibility: The kit itself along with its packaging is tangible, which limits the issue of intangibility, but by providing documents to support the intangible services associated with it (such as the 5 year guarantee and curriculum signposting), this can be limited further. The free first aid learning support could be formalised i